摘要:

The history is sketched of research on industrial gerontology in Britain from 1946 onwards, and viewed in relation to gerontological research in other countries and to the social needs current in the 1950s. The individual studies were closely integrated with fundamental gerontological research, and were both guided by and helped to formulate leading theoretical ideas. These are briefly discussed under six heads: the central locus of the most important age changes; the concept that signal‐to‐noise ratio in the brain is reduced in old age; the increasing failure by older people to transfer material from short‐term to long‐term storage and to recover it from long‐term store; compensatory relationships between fall of ability to manipulate data in the abstract, and increase of knowledge; slowness as a major cause of accidents among older people; and methodological problems of interpreting industrial statistics regarding age. It is suggested that future research should continue to keep close to developments of theory in general psychological studies not specifically concerned with age; that the basis exists for a substantial effort to apply existing knowledge on the shop floor; that research should go beyond the study of particular capacities and functions to systems; and that it should be constantly aware of the need for careful, direct ob

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The accumulated research, while contributing substantially to our understanding of complex leadership processes, has not yet produced an integrated body of knowledge. Still plagued by definitional ambiguity, a proliferation of terms, and contradictory research findings, the mountain of evidence has left many unanswered questions.Traditional approaches to leadership have focused primarily on the relationship between the leader and the group. Studies of what managers actually do—as opposed to what they should, could, or say they do—suggest that the leader–system relationship may be a more fruitful focus. The nature of managerial work, as reflected by observed behaviour, can be a valuable guide for designing future leadership research and tra

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Applied researchers are sometimes confronted with the problem of analysing pretest–post‐test data when pairwise information for individual subjects is not available. A dependentttest should be computed; however, when the data cannot be paired, the investigator is faced with performing an independentttest. In order to solve the problem, three methods are offered. When there are missing post‐test data, other analytical alternatives are

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been observed that among workers there is an inverse relationship between the proximity of retirement and its attractiveness. This study analysed the longitudinal change, over the ten years between two sampling timesT1andT2, in preferred retirement age for a series of age cohorts. The sample included 1458 males aged 35–81 atT2. Cohort means atT1andT2and an additional residual change score both showed a similar trend in the direction of older workers preferring a later retirement age over time. The shift to a preference for later retirement was estimated to occur in the early 50s. This preference for later retirement was seen as an attempt to delay the status changes of retirement, and not as a rejection of retirement or an absolute preference for work. The data also showed a longitudinal change in social values toward a more favourable appraisal of retirement among all age cohort

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four neutral observers evaluated the performance of candidates in two mock selection interviews. Unknown to the observers, candidates received nonverbal approval from one interviewer and non‐verbal disapproval from the other. Candidates were perceived as more comfortable and at ease in the approval interview and were also judged to have created a better impression. The results were discussed in terms of the possibility that an interviewer's non‐verbal style may significantly influence the behaviour of the candidate he is trying to eva

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using personality and demographic variables of 75 adult career management clients and non‐clients, multiple discriminant analysis successfully (P<0·01) discriminated among levels of usage of career management services (maximum, average, minimum users, and drop‐outs). The minimum user group's centroid was distinctly separated from those of the other three groups, which clustered together. Maximum users were found to be more methodical and participative, minimum users less self‐assured, and drop‐outs more enterprising. The fact that the centroids of the maximum and drop‐out groups clustered together was accounted for by the directional correspondence of the common underlying dimension of ass

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Vocational Tests and Reviews. By OSCAR K. BUROS.Staffing Policies and Strategies. Edited by DALE YODER and HERBERT G. HENEMAN.Psychology and Work. By D. R. DAVIES&V. J. SHACKLETON.Selection and Assessment at Work. By GILBERT and HELEN JESSUP.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY