摘要:

The goal‐setting research literature is reviewed in an attempt to identify those variables having an effect on an individual's choice of goal level. Two broad areas are considered: situational factors and personality factors. Under situational factors, prior success or failure on the task, monetary and verbal incentives, feedback, participation, and competition are identified as probable determinants of the choice of goal difficulty level. Personality influences, such as need for achievement, higher‐order need strength, self‐assurance, and maturity are also reviewed, and it is concluded that these variables also influence an individual's choice of goal difficulty. Surprisingly, none of the reviewed studies directly examined the connection between such variables and goal difficulty; nor between goal difficulty and general personality. Thus, the early literature on level of aspiration is examined and the review supports the notion that choice of goal difficulty reflects a general personality trait, operating across different situations. Discussion focuses on the need for research which views goal‐setting behaviour as a personality trait, and the problems associated with such an a

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey of students at Bath University. Those doing social science were more anti‐industrial in their social values than students of management, engineering and economics. Social science students tended to prefer non‐industrial jobs congruent with their values. Anti‐industrial values were highly correlated with career choice after controlling for degree course. It was concluded that choice of course and career choice may be explained as part of the process of political socialization and hence rooted in experiences in early adoles

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Schuler's (1980) role and expectancy perception model of participation in decision making was replicated and extended. While Schuler's previous study examined only participation in deciding how to do the work, this study also examined participation in setting work objectives within the role and expectancy perception framework. Partial support for Schuler's model was found and the extension of the model was supported.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of 139 medical students (87 male, 52 female) at an Australian university took part in a questionnaire study in which they completed the Rokeach Value Survey and rated the importance of various reasons for their decision to take up medicine as a career. It was found that the students tended to endorse social/altruistic reasons (working with people, helping others) and the opportunity to become involved in a challenging occupation as the most important reasons for their occupational choice. Other reasons, such as satisfying one's parents or having the opportunity to achieve high social status and to benefit financially, were rated much lower in importance. In comparison with females, male students tended to rate personal, agentic reasons as more important, and interpersonal, expressive reasons as less important. The students' value priorities were related in predictable ways to the importance ratings they assigned to particular reasons, especially to status/materialistic reasons. Results were assumed to provide evidence about the self‐concepts of medical students. It was suggested that future research might investigate how these self‐concepts might change during training and in medical practice, and the extent to which actual behaviour in the work situation would be consistent with these self‐con

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aims of this paper are twofold: to identify those personal characteristics of trainee social workers, and their locations within a social services department, which are associated with high propensities to change jobs and to leave social work altogether, and secondly to describe and apply a relatively new and very powerful analytical technique to effect this identification. This technique—polychotomous logit analysis—is particularly well suited to the study of labour turnover and wastage and generates a number of interesting and important policy conclusions. Differences in the likelihood of leaving (‘turnover’) and in the subsequent destination of leavers (‘wastage’) were found to be significantly associated with the sex, age, educational and professional qualifications, length of service and workplace location of social work trainees. These findings have a number of policy implications which should be of relevance to personal social services planners and employers. We recommend the use of the polychotomous logit technique in subsequent research on labour turnover

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article argues for a trainability concept for management potential, and reports a study of the relationships between intelligence and (a) post‐training performance and (b) gain in performance due to training for two managerial skills, prioritizing and decision making. Thirty‐three subjects took part in two short in‐basket exercises, with a prioritizing and decision‐making training procedure interposed between them, and also completed Heim's AH5 intelligence test. Performance in both skills, before and after training, was found to be unrelated to intelligence as measured. Gain in performance, however, was found to be curvilinearly associated with intelligence in respect of both skills with an inverted‐U shape for decision making. It was concluded that there may be an optimum range of intelligence for trainability in decision making and therefore for management potential. This implies that ability to learn decision‐making skills may be related less to intelligence than to other attributes, intelligence may be overemphasized in assessment of management potential, and intelligence should be seen as a moderator of ability to learn rather than of level of

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Manifest Needs Questionnaire has been developed as a relatively short version of a needs assessment instrument. Recently concern has been raised about its reliability. This note reports some negative findings: none of the four needs scales had acceptable internal reliability.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Psychology and Management: A Textbook for Managers and Trade Unionists. Edited by CARY L. COOPER.Business Applications of Repertory Grids. By VALERIE&ANDREW STEWART.On Becoming a Personal Scientist: Interactive Computer Elicitation of Personal Models of the World. By MILDRED L.G. SHAW.Changes in Working Life. Edited by K. D. DUNCAN, M. M. GRUNEBERG&D. WALLIS.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1982.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY