摘要:

In this study 646 children between the ages of 11 and 17 years of age were asked to state their vocational choices, preferences and aspirations. It was found that the children were able to distinguish between these categories. The pattern of the total number of occupations chosen in all three categories showed that, rather than the number being reduced as the children got older, there was an inverted U pattern with a gradual rise to age 13 and slight decrease to 16. The results also showed that males tend to list a greater range of choices, a slightly greater range of preferences and an almost similar range of aspirations to females. The implications of these results are discussed.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the literature on shiftwork there are many studies describing interesting and complex temporal variations in employee absence behaviour, though none have had the opportunity to unravel the independent effects of shift‐turn (mornings, afternoons and nights), days of the week (Sunday to Saturday), and position in the shift cycle (start, middle and end cycle). The independent effects of these variables and their interactions were the focus of a study of 250 male steelworkers on the 6‐on 2‐off Metropolitan shift system, with certified and uncertified absence as the two dependent variables. The results were consistent with the study hypotheses, showing strong main effects for each of the three independent variables and complex interaction effects, all in relation to uncertified absence only. These findings are discussed in terms of the fresh light they shed on multiple causes of absence and the problems associated with long cycle shift systems. They also indicate that studies of temporal variations in the absence rates of shiftworkers should attempt to investigate further, or at least take some account of, shift cycle position, a powerful but neglected influence on ab

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study proposes a theoretical framework for the characterization of the stereotype accountant based on J. L. Holland's theory (1973). Contrary to other works on the subject, the purpose of this paper is to trace the stereotype accountant in the framework of an inclusive theory of professional stereotypes. Empirical evidence is presented which contrasts accountancy students with psychology students in both vocational interests and inclinations towards conformity and adherence to socially accepted values.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Interest tests often employ forced choice methods in which the subject is asked to state his preferences among a range of items. A major difficulty with the resulting scores is that the absolute strengths of the subject's interests, in terms of liking and disliking, cannot be inferred from the preferences alone. A much fuller picture can be obtained by eliciting from the subject both preference and like‐dislike responses to the test items but this yields two sets of score data which can give rise to difficulties in interpretation. This paper describes a simple algorithm by which such responses can be integrated into a single, readily interpretable, set of scores in the range 0 to 100. The procedure is not confined to interest tests but can be applied to any situation where similar ranking and rating procedures are used in paralle

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experimental technique for developing scoring keys for a biographical inventory was applied to the analysis of responses on a questionnaire completed by applicants for refinery operating jobs. The technique differed from more traditional empirical methods used to key biographical data in that it was not dependent on item–criterion relationships. The chief aims were to determine whether relatively independent and homogeneous keys could be constructed with this method and whether the resulting keys were useful in predicting job success. The analysis yielded 12 keys which were relatively independent and homogeneous. The results tentatively suggested that such keys may be comparable in predictive power to empirically derived keys which are less easily interpretabl

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three tests were devised to assess in some depth elementary numerical abilities in a sample of 95 industrial trainee apprentices many of whom had passed CSE mathematics. The tests covered basic aspects of a variety of topics, including arithmetic manipulation of natural numbers, decimals and fractions; approximation; magnitude; ratio; and percentage. The results supported the following general conclusions: (i) arithmetic with natural numbers was performed relatively well, but decimals and especially fractions were performed badly; (ii) there were elementary conceptual difficulties with decimals and fractions, which were compounded in the case of fractions by difficulties of selecting and applying special rules during manipulation; (iii) proficiency in natural number arithmetic was not strongly associated with ability in other basic skills; (iv) frequency of pocket calculator usage as assessed by questionnaire was not significantly related to performance in any of the tests. These results have implications for both the selection and training of school‐leavers. It is also suggested that the tests themselves may be useful for the assessment and diagnosis of basic numerac

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Improved selection techniques may help the all‐volunteer Army to diminish a problem of retaining qualified personnel after their initial tour of duty. This report describes and validates the Military Career Commitment Gradient (MCCOG), an instrument designed to predict, prior to actual commissioning, whether an individual will remain on active duty after his initial tour. Shortly before commissioning, two consecutive classes of seniors at the US Military Academy were given the MCCOG. Their scores had adjusted correlations of 0.54 and 0.39 with the criterion—on active duty versus not on active duty—seven years later. Potential uses of the MCCOG are disc

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study explored the validity of the Job Characteristics Model within a job redesign context. The findings upon which the model is based (Hackman&Oldham, 1975) were closely replicated with an homogeneous group of shop‐floor employees. However, path analyses showed that the evidence, both for the present investigation and that reported by Hackman&Oldham, was not fully consistent with the model. The implications of the findings are discusse

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Evolution of British Manpower Policy (from the Statute of Artificers 1563 to the Industrial Training Act 1964).By p. j. c. perry.A Social Scientist in Industry.By lisl klein.Wage Incentive Systems.By pinhas shwinger.Social Analysis.By ralph rowbottom. London: Heinemann.Staff Appraisal and Development.By edgar anstey, clive fletcher&james walker.Women at Work, No. 1. Geneva: International Labour Office.Sandwich Courses: An Integrated Education?By alan g. smithers.The Worker Directors: A Sociology of Participation.By peter brannen, eric batstone, derek fatchett&philip white.Worker Directors Speak.By the British steel corporation employee directors, with john bank&ken jones.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY