摘要:

There are few research methods and techniques of the kind that have been developed in instructional psychology for classroom situations. For this reason, a Practical Training Observation Schedule (PTOS) has been devised to help in analysing the interaction between instructors and trainees in technical‐industrial training.The PTOS was developed in the context of the metal‐working industry. It is based on a thorough review of the literature, on interviews with instructors and trainees, and on observations in five workshops for practical training in which there were 10 instructors and 93 trainees. Technically, the system is a modification of Flanders' (1970) interaction‐analysis system.To check the quality of the PTOS, a study was done with four instructors and 39 trainees using the final form of the PTOS. Taking as a measure of reliability an index of inter‐observer agreement, we found Scott's (1955) π = 0.91. However, statements about the validity of the system require its use in other studies. Some possibilities for analysing interactions in practical training are discussed using some of the obtai

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to improve a process‐information system, operators' process‐control tasks were analysed according to the method of Annettet al. (1971). This method, in which tasks are described in a hierarchical way, was developed for training operators to perform their tasks. Adaptation of the method to analyse process‐control tasks is described, and its potential applications elsewhere are consi

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study reports on the stereotypes of their own group and of each other held by local and expatriate managers in 34 American, British and Japanese multinational companies operating in Singapore. The 365 respondents were asked to assess each of the four national groups of managers on 18 items, each consisting of a pair of adjectival antonyms. It was found that the 18 items could be reduced to two principal components explaining about half their total variance, and that the two principal components were consistent between the four national groups of respondents. The two principal components were readily interpretable as relating to performance (functional/dysfunctional) and style (open/closed). The stereotype assessments were reduced to these two dimensions, permitting a discussion of the differences between the autostereotypes and the high and low contact heterostereotypes held by the national groups. Deviations around the group means were used to obtain regressions of the heterostereotype scores against the autostereotype scores. The results support a stereotype projection model, but with each of the principal components being projected independently, and with opposite sign.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To throw light on the effects of sex on the judgements made in the employment interview a study was carried out on the interview results of 200 male and 200 female candidates for work in a bank. Interview records showed significant differences between male and female interviewers: the latter saw candidates as better dressed, better groomed, more cooperative, more alert and more cheerful. However, on three evaluative scales—impact on workmates, impact on customers, and an overall rating—there was no difference between them. Knowledge of test results played a significant, though small, part with male interviewers but not with female interviewers. The implications of the findings are discus

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Individual and structural characteristics were combined in this multidimensional study of managerial job satisfaction. One thousand, one hundred and fifty‐eight managers from three organizations were given the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. A factorial nested analysis of variance was used to test hypotheses. Independent variables were age, education, and hierarchical level; and the dependent variables were four specific job satisfaction factor scores plus a global dimension. Results indicate that the structural characteristic of hierarchical level has the most significant pervasive effect on managers' job satisfaction; and that, when individual characteristics do have significant effect, it is most frequently within the top level of management. Results also indicate a very strong relationship between satisfaction with personal progress and development and overall job satisfactio

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is often claimed that medical and vocational rehabilitation facilities generate psychosocial atmospheres appropriate to their respective rehabilitative functions. But such claims have rarely been formally examined. This study set out to develop scales to measure Employment Rehabilitation Centre (ERC) social climates, and to use those scales to evaluate the extent to which the officially proclaimed aim of creating in ERCs social climates comprising an amalgam of ‘industrial’ and ‘therapeutic’ elements is achieved in practice. This article describes the development of five scales for this purpose from inverse association analysis of an item pool administered to client samples in five centres. It also reports assessments of the psychometric properties of the scales and presents comparisons between ERCs. It concludes that work to date has produced a means of measuring ERC social climates and that application of the scales shows that ERCs vary in the extent to which the broad policy aim of creating environments comprising both ‘industrial’ and ‘therapeutic’ eleme

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Program Evaluation: Methods and Case Studies. By E. J. POSAVAC&R. G. CAREY.Career Development in Britain. Edited by A. G WATTS, D. E. SUPER&J. M. KIDD.Work, Jobs and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational TitlesEdited by A. R. MILLER, D. 1. TREIMAN, P. s. CAIN&P. A. ROOS.Theories of Trade Unionism: A Sociology of Industrial Relations. By M. POOLE.Studies of Shiftwork. Edited by w. P. COLQUHOUN&J. RUTENFRANZ.BOSWORTH, D.&DAWKINS, P. (1980).Work Patterns: An Economic Analysis.GLENVILLE, M.&WILKINSON, R. T. (1979). Portable devices for measuring performance: The effects of sleep deprivation and nightshift on the performance of computer operators. ErgonomicsREINBERG, A., VIEUX, N.&ANDLAUR, P. (eds) (1981). Night and shiftwork: Biological and social aspects. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Night and Shiftwork.WARD GARDNER, A.&DAGNALL, B. D. (1977). The effect of 12 hour shiftworking on absence attributed to sickness.Combating Managerial Obsolescence. By. A. N. JONES&C. L. COOPER.Organizational Assessment: Perspectives on the Measurement of Organizational Behavior and the Quality of Working Life. By E. E. LAWLER III, D. A. NADLER&C. CAMMANN.Inner Contradictions of Rigorous Research. By C. Argyris

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY