摘要:

This article presents results of an empirical study on the relationship between task design and worker responses. In much research on task design incumbents' job perceptions are assumed to reflect the objective character of the job and to influence attitudinal and behavioural responses. However, when both jobs and responses are assessed through the incumbent, a within‐person or cognitive consistency model is as plausible as a person‐situation model of job characteristics. In this study both independent assessments and incumbents' perceptions of jobs are used as predictors. The results show a substantial convergence in the patterns of correlations between job characteristics and responses in the two forms of measurem

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article presents the findings of a case study which describes the impact of computerized controls on the jobs of biscuit‐making operators. Examination of company documents and interviews with managers indicated that decisions to use this technology were influenced more by people within the organization than by external economic and market forces. The chairman's investment policy, and the management objective of improving control over production, were key factors. Interviews with operators indicated that different applications of computing technology had different effects on jobs. The use of computer‐controlled dough mixingreplacedthe craft skills of the doughman. In contrast, the use of computerized biscuit packet weighingcomplementedthe skills and knowledge of the ovensman by giving him more information on production performance, and requiring him to exercise judgement and discretion to control the process. The effects of technical change on work organization depend on a combination of factors, including the capabilities of the equipment, management objectives, and the physical and organizational structures created by past decisions. Human operators may retain key roles in computerized systems. It is therefore important that work is organized to develop the human skills and motivation required for overall system effectiven

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Functional job analysis was used to write 25 task statements. Inter‐rater reliability of judgements concerning aptitude requirements of these tasks was assessed both correlationally and in terms of absolute agreement. Since judgements like these are made in most content validation research, it is critical that they at least be reliable. Analyses indicate that, in terms of both correlations and percent agreement, the ratings using functional job analysis scales were highly reliabl

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study used the LISREL methodology to explore important psychological processes in unemployment. The analysis is based on Hepworth's (1980) correlation data from 77 unemployed men. Results indicate that the extent to which a man perceives his time as being occupied or unoccupied affects his subjective well‐being and mental health. There may be a critical period for adaptation to unemployment, occurring soon after job loss. With the passage of time, a reciprocal process seems to take place, where mental health affects subjective well‐being and the proportion of time occupied/unoccupied. These two reciprocal processes could be indicative of a vicious circle of unemployment, resulting in increased negative effects with t

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilizing a sample of classified university employees, a partial replication of Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth's turnover model was initially undertaken. Intermediate linkages of the employee withdrawal decision process studied were job satisfaction, age, tenure, perception of job opportunities, thoughts of quitting, and intention to search. Results were in substantial agreement with the findings of Mobleyet al. (1978) and double cross‐validated well with their data on hospital employees. Extension of the turnover model was then undertaken by measuring two linkages in the employee withdrawal decision suggested by Mobley (1977): (1) extent of employee search for alternatives; and (2) results of employee search for alternatives. Results of the extension indicated that the two additional intermediate linkages did not fully integrate into the model as hypothesized by Mobley (1977

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A field study was conducted with 175 Civil Service clerical employees. The results indicated that extraverts preferred jobs with higher levels of cognitive task demands, pace of task demands, cognitive closure, extrinsic rewards and intrinsic rewards. Neuroticism was negatively related to these preferences except for extrinsic rewards, and the relationships were not as strong. Extraverts were found to be less satisfied than introverts with their present clerical job in terms of the work itself, supervision and co‐workers as measured by the Job Descriptive Index. Neuroticism was unrelated to job satisfactio

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of women employed under a flexible working time schedule was compared with a group of women from the same organization employed under a rigid (fixed) schedule, with respect to overall work satisfaction, strain reactions and absenteeism rates. Marital status and parenthood were used as moderator variables. Neither main effects nor significant moderator effects were found for the individual outcomes as criteria. Absenteeism rates were significantly lower under the flexible than the rigid work schedule and married women and mothers had the lowest rates of absenteeism when employed under a flexible schedule.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five work‐related objective and attitudinal factors and five non‐work‐related individual difference and family dynamics variables considered pertinent to the dual‐career family setting, were examined for their impact on the quality of life enjoyed by husbands and wives in dual‐career families. For the purpose of this study, a dual‐career family was defined as one where both spouses had full‐time jobs outside of their home. The responses of 127 dual‐career family spouses employed in five business organizations, a hospital and a university were analysed. Results indicated that: (1) the set of five non‐work variables—multiple role stresses, enabling processes, integration of family and work roles, self‐esteem, and hired help utilized—were good predictors of life satisfaction; (2) the work‐relevant variables—career salience, job involvement, self‐esteem from the job, discretionary time spent on job‐related activities, and income were significant but not crucial predictors of job satisfaction; (3) the interactions between work‐relevant variables and gender moderated the impact of the work variables on job satisfaction; (4) the correlation between life and job satisfaction was significant, but modest; and (5) there was a significant difference between the life satisfaction of husbands

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Biological Rhythms, Sleep and Shift Work. Edited by LAVERNE C. JOHNSON, DONALD I. TEPAS, W. P. COLQUHOUN&MICHAEL J. COLLISAN.Autonomy and Control at the Workplace. Edited by JOHN E. KELLY&CHRIS W. CLEGG.Conflicts and Contradictions: Work Psychologists in Europe. Edited by CHAKLBS J. DE WOLFF, SYLVIA SHIMMIN&MAURICE DE MONTMOLLIN.Human Skills. Edited by DENNIS H. HOLDING.Systems Theory for Organization Development. By THOMAS G. CUMMINGS.Psychology for Careers Counselling. Edited by RUTH HOLDSWORTHThe Degradation of Work?Edited by STEPHEN WOOD.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1983.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY