摘要:

Preliminary studies suggested that briefing police officers by television led to greater recall than the traditional face‐to‐face method. A more closely controlled test with trainee constables, in which the contents of briefings were the same for the two methods, showed that information presented via television was not better recalled but conversely that television briefing was not worse than the traditional method. Varying the contents of briefings showed that nine items per briefing produced less recall than either seven or eight items. More experienced trainees recalled more than those who were in their first year of d

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some recent job redesign efforts in the United States, introduced to counter worker dissatisfaction and low productivity, represent a shift from more traditional but still prevalent models of worker–employer relations. This paper presents data from a study of blue‐collar and white‐collar semi‐skilled American workers which challenge two basic assumptions of these newer efforts: (a) that small changes in job design (here conceptualized as ‘destructuring’ work roles) are sufficient to affect worker satisfaction; and (b) that matching employees' work orientations (here, their ‘tolerance for structure’) with the nature of their jobs (its degree of ‘structure’) will improve worker satisfaction. The concepts ‘structure’ and ‘tolerance for structure’ are discussed in operational terms. Our findings indicate that modest differences in the structure of jobs are not systematically related to job satisfaction and that there is no interaction between these workers' orientations and the nature of their jobs which influences satisfactio

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The man trying to find a fault may make mistakes unless he asks effective diagnostic questions and verifies the answers. General principles for verifying indications in petroleum refineries are presented; some are easy to apply, others require instruction, practice or experience. Simple scores for verification or checking,C, and for effective diagnostic questioning,D, are proposed and their calculation is illustrated in the context of fault‐finding in a crude distillation unit.CandDprobably measure different fault‐finding skills. TheCscore is improved by training, but comparisons are complicated by an apparent influence of the proportion of instrument faults in the problem set. Men may check instrument readings more often as their estimate of instrument unreliability increases. TheDscore is also sensitive to the effects of training and reflects differences in experience between novices and experienced men.Dmay over‐estimate effective diagnostic strategy, but only in a small percentage of cases for men with refinery operating experience or new entrantsaftertra

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper attempts an empirical structuring of the process of selecting candidates for the profession of certified public accountancy (CPA). The unit of investigation is the ‘examination situation,’ which is defined as the multiple interaction among the attributes of an examinee, an examination problem he answers and the examiner who grades the answer. Using Guttman's smallest space analysis, a way of partitioning the empirical continuum of those attributes into contiguous sections is found, where each represents a concept formulated in advance. The partition is based on ‘fluidityv. obstruction’ in the selection process and ‘academic orientationv. practical orientation’ of

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number of researchers have looked for a direct relationship between a manager's need for achievement (nAch) and his performance, but with mixed success. Few studies, however, have considered the moderating effect of perceived climate on thenAch–performance relationship. In the present investigation two such hypotheses are tested. Firstly, it was expected that a positive correlation betweennAch and performance would be more likely to occur when a manager perceives the job climate in strong achievement terms. Data gathered from three samples tend to support this. The second hypothesis was that the maximal point of performance would be where highnAch and high climate coincided, and the minimal point would be where lownAch and low climate coincided. Only the first part of this hypothesis is consistently supported. The practical implications of the findings are discusse

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blind people can be taught to navigate an indoor shopping centre with the aid of a tactual map. The utility of such maps for independent travel was tested, and two blind people were able to make an independent shopping expedition without prior direct experience of the shopping centre.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A role‐playing technique was used to investigate the hypothesis that candidates in a mock selection interview would make use of the non‐verbal behaviour of the interviewer to form impressions of him. When non‐verbal approval and disapproval were compared, the former created a more favourable impression in the candidates. However, non‐verbal approval had no effect on the verbal output of candidates, contrary to suggestions that such approval would reinforce verbal behaviour and so increase

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Psychology for Architects. By D.canter.Personnel Planning and Occupational Choice. Bystuart timperley.The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes. Bymorton deutsch.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1975.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY