摘要:

We report a study of intergroup relations in a paper factory in which we examine the utility of three social‐psychological approaches: realistic conflict theory, the contact hypothesis and social identity theory. A sample of 177 shop floor workers from five different departments was interviewed. From them, measures of intergroup differentiation, perceived intergroup conflict, amount of intergroup contact, and strength of workgroup identification were obtained. The latter was assessed using a new scale of group identification developed for this study. Reliability and validity data for this scale are reported. Using multiple regression analyses we attempt to explain variance in respondents' intergroup differentiation using the other measures as predictor variables. The most powerful and reliable predictor was perceived conflict which, as expected, was positively correlated with differentiation. Less consistent was amount of contact which was negatively but only weakly associated with differentiation. Strength of group identification, while generally showing a positive correlation with differentiation as predicted, was also only a weak and inconsistent predictor variable. Noting that these results confirm findings from other studies we discuss their theoretical implication

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is an important need for a wider public recognition of psychological approaches to the design and introduction of the new work systems based on microelectronics. The economic and political climate in the UK has not been very supportive of social science orientations, however, and approaches which have been influenced by psychological theory have been limited in their effects. Contributions made by ergonomics, socio‐technical theory and participative systems design are considered, and criticisms that have been made of each are reviewed. In an analysis of how psychological and social science approaches differ from conventional views on how best to manage the introduction of the technologies two alternative models, the ‘task and technology approach’ and the ‘organization and end‐user approach’, are presented. Stages in the cycle of innovation associated with the introduction of the technologies are identified and alternative assumptions that may guide practices within them are outlined. The need for a wider appreciation of the advantages of the ‘organization and end‐user approach’ is discussed. It is suggested that psychologists should emphasize the indeter‐minism of the technologies, develop techniques to assist people to exploit this in particular situations, and cultivate an ‘inclusive’ orientation to the pre

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Technological changes in the manufacture of drugs have caused community pharmacists to lose control over the use of their specialized knowledge. The study described here sought to examine the consequences of these structural changes for pharmacists' perceptions of their skill utilization, job influence and job satisfaction. It was predicted that the job satisfaction‐job attribute relationship for pharmacists would be moderated by their professional orientation—the degree to which they wanted to use their specialized skills and have influence over drug distribution. This prediction was tested with a sample of 396 South Australian pharmacists using hierarchical multiple regression. It was found that community, but not hospital, pharmacists had significantly lower levels of skill utilization and job satisfaction than that found for other professional occupations. Professional role orientation was not a significant moderator of the relationship between skill utilization, job influence and job satisfaction. Skill utilization was the major predictor of job satisfaction and accounted for up to 32 per cent of unique variance in job satisfact

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in self‐perceived ability as a function of performance in an assessment centre were evaluated. Centre participants (n= 1693) provided self‐ratings on eight ability dimensions before and immediately after the assessment centre experience. Performance measures on five different exercises were provided by assessors. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated significant changes in perceived ability on five of the eight assessment centre dimensions. Further, the effect of specific centre exercises reflected changes in self‐perceived ability (e.g. planning and organizing) which were consistent with the type of exercise (e.g. in‐tray) under study. Suggestions for further research on self‐assessments specifically in the context of assessment centre participation are

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the feasibility of administering the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) by computer. Ninety‐nine subjects completed the standard and automated versions of the VPI on an alternate‐forms test‐retest basis. The two forms were found to be comparable. Consequently, it is recommended that the use of the computerized version of this test be cont

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Graduates into Industry. By C. MABEY.The Purposes of Groups and Organisations. By ALVIN ZANDER.Human Factors of Information Technology in the Office. Edited by BRUCE CHRISTIE.The Psychometrics of Fatigue. By V. P. ZINCHENKO, A. B. LEONOVA&Y. K. STRELKOV.Making People Productive. By MICHAEL NASH.Work in the 1980s. by B. GUSTAVSSON, J. c. KARLSSON&C. RAFTEGARD.The Experience of Work. by C. R. LITTLER.Future Work: Jobs, Self‐employment and Leisure after the Industrial Age. By J. ROBERTSON.Re‐working the Work Ethic. BY M. ROSE.Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design. By STEPHEN PHEASANT.Case Studies in Organizational Behaviour. by CHRIS CLEGG, NIGEL KEMP&KAREN LEGGEOrganizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text. By DAVID BUCHANAN&ANDREJ HUCZYNSKI.Organizational Behaviour: Politics at Work. By ROBERT LEE&PETER LAWRENCE.The Business of Management. By DEREK TORRINGTON&JANE WEIGHT

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY