摘要:

Mismatches between person and environment following a work‐role transition are considered in the light of a theory of such transitions. The effects of role requirements, socialization processes and personality were examined among 145 student nurses at various stages in their training, using questionnaire and diary recording methods. A number of theoretical predictions were borne out, but of particular interest were the findings that those with high desire for control entering the low discretion environment of student nursing were more likely than others to role innovate but they also evidenced greater levels of personal change, surprise and emotional frustration. It is suggested that adjustment to mismatches following work‐role transitions fosters high levels of personal change and attempted role innovation but that low discretion environments in particular hinder such adjustments, leading to frustration and intentions to turno

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1989.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent reviews indicate that little is known about individuals' fairness judgements of their own received pay and the bases underlying these judgements. This paper reports the results of an investigation into the subject, based on a cross‐sectional city sample of 222 employees in Israel. The investigation focused on several prevalent theoretical propositions about the bases of fairness judgements and a number of hypotheses derived from them.The findings indicate that pay fairness evaluations may be based on comparisons with similar as well as dissimilar others; that they are guided by norms of contribution as well as norms of need; that feelings of inequity develop where inputs/investments are undervalued in terms of prevalent norms of just exchange ratios. The findings also indicate that variances in the individuals' frames of reference are partly related to a variety of background characteristics such as sex, age, income, education, et

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1989.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Achievement motivation (nAch) has been suggested by a number of researchers to be based on a number of underlying factors. Yet no one scale has been developed that incorporates all the factors suggested. This research set out to develop such a scale for research usage. Over three studies, a 49‐item scale was produced which measures seven factors. These are Work Ethic (WE), Acquisitiveness (for money) (Acq), Dominance (Dom), Excellence (the pursuit of) (Exc), Competitiveness (Com), Status Aspiration (SA) and Mastery (Mast). Some data on the internal reliability and validity of the scales are included, and some implications of a multifactorial approach to nAch are briefly discussed.The Regular Commissions Board is the main mechanism for the selection of British Army officers. This study is the most comprehensive validation of that mechanism that has been undertaken. Current selection, training and reporting procedures were investigated and all types of male entrant were sampled. The validation utilized both training and job performance criteria. Within‐study meta‐analyses were carried out on the entrant and Corps subgroups. Total group validity coefficients of 0.33 (0.43 with resignations excluded), 0.31 and 0.31 were obtained for the prediction of regimental performance, and general officer and specialist training respectively. It is concluded that, given the current applicant population, the Regular Commissions Board is a fair, moderately valid method for the selection of officers, and it has utility. Observations are made concerning the basis of the Board's validity, and the value and design of assessment ce

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1989.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data are presented from an Australian longitudinal study of school‐leavers. In each of three successive years after leaving school, three main target groups, defined by their current occupational status, were compared in terms of self‐esteem, depressive affect and mood using their at‐school measures as a baseline. The three target groups were employed, or full‐time students, or unemployed. The unemployed were further divided into five subgroups based on how long they had been continuously unemployed. The employed and student groups overall displayed well‐being significantly superior to the unemployed, although within the latter group those unemployed for intermediate periods were worse off than those unemployed for shorter or for longer periods. These results support the findings reported by Warr&Jackson (1984, 1985, 1987), who showed improved well‐being with increased unemployment duration among long‐term unemployed British men, thus establishing cross‐cultural generality. The theoretical and practical implications of the finding

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1989.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prediction of transfer of learning between jobs is important within organizational and national human resource management. This paper proposes a methodology for examining the implications of different measures of job similarity. The validity of families of jobs with reciprocal transfer is questioned.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1989.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Riding the Waves of Change.ByGareth Morgan.Understanding the Unemployed Professional.ByRoland Perarson&Ann Heyno.Assessing Management People.ByJ. A. Dukes.Organizations and National Culture: A Comparative Analysis.ByMonir Tayeb.Winning under Pressure.ByAnne Balfour&Nicola Bradbury.Mastering Technology: A Management Framework for Getting Results.ByRod F. Monger.People and Computers: How to Evaluate Your Company's New Technology.ByChris Clegg, Peter Warr, Thomas Green, Andrew Monk, Nigel Kemp, Gordon Allison&Mark Lansdale (in collaboration with Colin Potts, Reg Sell&Ian Cole).

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1989.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY