摘要:

The possible factors affecting the ways individuals perceive differently the climate of their employing organization are discussed, and the effects of three sets of possible determinants are examined empirically using data from a sample of 387 persons working at different levels in 14 organizations. The results tend to show that the perceptions of significant others may have greater influence than either variables reflecting the individual's position or objective indicators of organizational structure or context. However salary is found to be a better predictor than the literature would lead one to expect.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐five managers and 29 manual workers were asked to list 16 decisions which they had already made and to rate these for perceived degree of importance. The content of the decision, work related or personal, was noted. In subsequent interviews, details were obtained of the decision‐making behaviour used in 523 decisions, and these were assigned to a style category; ‘no thought’, ‘compliant’, ‘logical’, ‘emotional’, ‘intuitive’ or ‘hesitant’. Analysis of the four‐way contingency table showed that occupational group, content of the decision and perceived importance were each independently associated with decision‐making style. Occupational group was also related to the content of the decisions listed, and with use of the ‘no thought’ and ‘logical’ styles; content of the decision was related to use of the ‘logical’ and ‘emotional’ styles; and perceived importance was associated with use of the ‘emotional

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the sources of job stress among 150 dentists. It was found that the ‘dentist at risk’ tends to be older, somewhat anxious, and feels he is perceived as an ‘inflictor of pain’, with pressures from his work stemming from trying to sustain and build a practice, too little work, administrative difficulties and having to cope with difficult p

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

British studies of the effectiveness of careers guidance are reviewed in three groups: studies of diagnostic accuracy, studies of the effectiveness of diagnostic guidance interventions, and studies of the effectiveness of developmental guidance interventions. Methodological limitations are noted, and particular attention is paid to the paucity and inadequacy of the studies in the latter group, despite the trend towards a more developmental approach to careers guidance in recent years. The problem of finding adequate criterion measures is discussed.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The accuracy of tests of clinical proficiency in nursing depends not only on the nature of the test instrument used, but also on the type of skill being assessed. A task analysis of the nursing assignment of caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis reveals that it involves a diverse range of skills. Four types of practical examination commonly used in nursing—self‐report, simulations, the ward‐based examination and continuous assessment—are each relatively sensitive to some of these skills, and relatively insensitive to others. Different types of test are sensitive to different types of skill. Hence, no one test technique can be expected to sample adequately all aspects of performance in the nursing task investigated, and so the whole range of techniques should be used, successful performance in individual tests being interpreted as necessary but not sufficient evidence of

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nervous strain at work amongst a sample of 1415 men, all 26 year old members of the National Survey of Health and Development, was found to relate both to their predisposition to anxiety and to their own report of day‐to‐day activities in their job. Level of work was the dominant factor in the analysis, men in high‐level jobs being more likely to report nervous strain than men in manual work. Susceptibility to anxiety and specific work factors (supervising, teaching, contact with people, driving, skilled machine work) made approximately equal contributions to the rate of reported strain, after allowance for the level of work. Little evidence was found that stressful jobs were held by particularly anxious men and it was concluded that predisposing and precipitating factors made largely independent contributions to the report of nervous strain at work in this sample of wo

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the course of validating, for selection purposes, a trainability test for industrial sewing machinists, incidental evidence came to light which suggested that job applicants might be able to make much the same inference about their suitability for a particular job as might personnel selectors. The rate at which individuals reported for work, all having been offered the job, was positively and consistently related to their suitability for training as assessed by the trainability test. The data relate to over 1000 job applicants in some 50 different factories. The data are interpreted as being compatible with a social and reflexive model of man, and the authors advocate that the potential usage of self‐appraisal devices within selection contexts be more fully explore

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Action Learning in Hospitals: Diagnosis and Therapy.By r. w. revans.Personal Goals and Work Design.Edited by peter warr.The Dynamics of Human Service Delivery.By g. levin&e. b. roberts with g. b. hirsh, d. s. kligler, j. f. wilder, n. roberts.Intelligence, Information Processing and Analogical Reasoning.By robert j. sternberg.Humanizing Organizational Behaviour.Edited by h. meltzer&f. r. wickert.TEST REVIEWS:The Gibson Spiral Maze, 2nd ed. By h. b. gibson. Sevenoaks: Hodder&Stoughton.APU Vocabulary Test.By s. j. closs. Sevenoaks: Hodder&Stoughton.CLOSSS, S. J. (1975).A.P.U. Occupational Interests Guide‐Final Versio

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY