ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper examines the airline industry ten years after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. A brief review of the historical background of regulation and the changes leading to the Airline Deregulation Act is presented. A number of studies are cited that conclude that airline perfor‐ mance has improved since the Civil Aeronautics Board days. The author agrees with these conclusions but goes on to suggest that it is time to begin comparing the airline industry today with the standards of performance associated with perfect competition instead of the previous regulatory period. A standard of competitive performance is suggested. The traditional p=mc=ac performance is complicated because mc and ac decline for any airline flight until the plane is full or has a 100% load factor. The author suggests p=acat load factors are not yet reaching loo%, it is suggested that some policy modifications might help improve performance further. An‐ titrust is examined and some other institutional policy changes are sug‐ g

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Between 1981 and 1987 twenty‐eight states experimented with workfare programs. By requiring mandatory community service from welfare recipients, the states hoped to reduce welfare caseloads as well as increase community service. Based in part on those program experiences, Congress included the first national workfare requirement in the 1988 welfare reform package (the Family Support Act). This study is the first to attempt to evaluate the implementation and impact of workfare on a national basis. A pooled, cross‐section, longitudinal model is used to estimate the effect of workfare on AFDC caseloads. Despite the low level of state‐level implementation, the evidence suggests that workfare may have contributed to welfare caseload reductions in the

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This analysis examines the extent to which the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), from 1980 to 1987, complied with a new policy of Congress, set forth in the Refugee Act of 1980, which called for an elimination of bias in favor of aliens from hostile countries. Statistical analysis reveals that the BIA did not enforce the Refugee Act of 1980. I argue that Congress never intended to eliminate this bias since doing so would bring it into conflict with actors within the executive branch (including the President and the State Department) that have traditionally dominated policy‐making relating to refugees and asylees. Instead, in the Refugee Act of 1980, Congress allowed these actors to retain control through a broad definition of “refugee” and by failing to clearly specify standards for political asylum and withholding of deportation. Simultaneously, Congress temporarily placated private and public “refugee rights” interest groups with statutory provisions that (presumably) eliminated the hostile country bias in U.S. refugee and asylum admis‐ sions, and granted increased federal aid to private organizations and units of state and local

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In response to the recent attention given the disaster management responsibilities of local governments, this study asks two questions: how have local governments managed the demands associated with major natural disasters, and what explanation have been offered for the perfor‐ mance patterns observed? In the first part of the paper the social science disaster literature is reviewed to ascertain performance across four disaster stages (predisaster planning, emergency, early recovery, and long‐term recovery). Among the explanations offered for the performance patterns, it was surprising to find little attention devoted to underlying structural factors. In the second part of the paper, “the disaster management problem” is stipulated and a structural analysis of it is undertaken, focusing on the role of local government within both the intergovernmental system and the local power structure. The conclusion is that the disaster management problem has roots deep within American society and culture, and any attempts to redress the problem will require attention to limiting struc‐ tural

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Background and previous impact evaluations of “DARE” (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) are described along with an assessment of its im‐ plementation among fifth graders in Kokomo, Indiana. Building upon alter‐ native efforts, a multifaceted impact/process evaluation framework is developed; it is used to consider the multiple meanings of DARE'S “success” within the dimensions of program efficacy, the impact of micro and macro contexts upon its participants and outcomes, and as a form of symbolic politics. The results tend to support the conclusion that DARE produces anti‐drug outcomes; also, the evidence suggests that drug knowledge and locus of control factors are involved in achieving these effects. Micro and macro contextual elements were found to produce important impacts upon the program's dynamics and effectiveness; finally, the data indicate that DARE includes an important symbolic politics dimension and is supported by important symbolic politics dimension and is supported by multiple stakeholders who define its success in terms of its popularity, which has significant utility for th

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recent Supreme Court decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services giving more discretion to states to regulate abortion has led to speculation concerning which states might move to limit abortions. Medoff (1989) attempts to predict how state legislatures might vote on state‐level abortion legislation by examining the 1983 Senate vote on the Hatch/Eagleton Amendment. We expand upon Medoff's analysis by incor‐ porating recent developments in agency theory as it applies to the political agents (i.e., Senators) in the empirical model. The results demonstrate that accounting for Senatorial “shirking” and state ideology substantially im‐ proves the predictive ability of the model for the Senate abortion vote. The predicted votes of the state's Senators, after eliminating the effects of apparent Senatorial shirking, are used to infer the likelihood of state‐level legislation substantially restricting abortion. We compare these results to a base model that ignores the issue of shirking and find increased predict‐ ability and several diff

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study expands the growing literature in comparative public policy that examines welfare services. By now, it is accepted that a combination of economic, social, and political factors are influential in the delivery of these services by the 60 states. This paper finds that similar factors are also operating at the county level in New York state. Most notably, political factors affect the distribution of welfare benefits–despite federal and state mandates that require distribution to be based solely on need. This raises a number of issues. concerning the nature of political influence and the autonomy of local bureaucracies, which require further exploratio

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While arms control and disarmament represent efforts to respond to the military and political factors in the arms race, there has not been a com‐ parable effort to reduce the economic incentives. To do so military contrac‐ tors would have to be able to convert their production facilities to civilian manufacturing without loss of profits or work

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using data from a national mail survey, opinions on the local economic development process held by economic development practitioners working for a city, chamber of commerce and public‐private agencies are compared. The data show that public‐private agency officials bridge the gap between the perspectives held by chamber government officials. Economic develop‐ ment practitioners working for public‐private agencies have more respect for both governmental employees and business people than do other economic development practitioners. They feel that it is possible to gain more control over the economic development process than do their business or governmental counterparts. And, they indicate the advantages for the local community of maintaining such control; for example, being better able to stop businesses from whipsawing disorganized communities into making unnecessary conc

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb01079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY