ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Reagan policy of constructive engagement was not really mean to succeed; it was meant to make apartheid palatable. Convinced that the contest between the United States and the Soviet Union overrides all other considerations of international relations, the Reagan administration has always been prepared to tolerate apartheid as the “lesser evil,” and when apartheid is overthrown, this country may be in an active insurgency against the new regime. These policies are contrary to the American political tradition and the rules of international

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article no attempt is made to defend the Reagan administration's six‐year‐old policy of constructive engagement toward the Republic of South Africa, for to all but a few diehards the policy is indefensible. Instead, my response to Beres contains three components. First, I take issue with his dismissal of constructive engagement as no more than a ruse by which “to make apartheid palatable” to the American people, and argue that the purpose of the policy was to enable the Reagan administration to take credit for achieving a Namibia independence settlement. Second, I show that Beres' plea for popular opposition to an unjust policy comes too late, for a large number of Americans, during the past two years in particular, have been doing his bidding. Finally, I conclude with an assessment of the nature of the policy debate over South Africa that such popularity has prompted, in which direction U.S. South Africa policy now appears headed, and what issues, if any, remain to be r

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Political science might have been the birthplace of evaluation research, but it has instead been unreceptive to it for a number of reasons. Hofferbert's suggestion that political scientists become involved by studying the impact of policy on democratic processes does not take into account the ferment that has been taking place in the field of evaluation. Political scientists should not conduct evaluation studies using the same methodology they normally use because these may not produce the kind of information needed for improving policies or programs. A disciplinary division of labor is impractical for a number of reasons. Instead, they should use a policy sciences framework, which contains normative elements and focuses on potentials for change, among other things.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although Schneider agrees with me that policy analysis does not occupy a central position in political science, she disagrees with my prescription for increasing its acceptance in the discipline. At the present time, political scientists are unwilling to address questions about how policy tools can be used to increase democracy in a country. But I believe this is an important priority for policy analyses as well as political science.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Controversy continues to surround the issue of militarization in Costa Rica. On one side, claims are made that external forces such as the Reagan administration or other foreign powers have created the recent period of social and economic instability in order to militarize Costa Rica and extend military influence in Central America. On the other hand, it has been argued that some of these external agents are simply offering aid to their Costa Rican friends during a period of social and economic instability. Similar contentions suggest that Costa Rica is only protecting itself from its neighbor to the north, Nicaragua, or that the present move toward militarization is only the professionalization of the police force. This paper examines some of the conditions that promote militarization in Costa Rica and explores moral, economic, and political issues related to the militarization of a country that has pursued a “no army” policy for almost forty ye

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When making its case to Congress and other audiences the Conservation Technical Assistance program of USDAIS Soil Conservation Service, which is the federal government's most extensive and expensive soil conservation program, based its argument on data about its clients. Missing have been comparisons between clients and nonclients that address the issue of whether clients might not have exhibited just as good conservation behavior without the program. Using multiple regression analysis that relates the diversity of conservation practices used to farm operators' receipt lnonreceipt of technical assistance, and controlling for relevant other variables, this study found statistically and substantively significant program effects in each of six diverse survey sites.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The U.S. agricultural system is on the verge of a technological revolution that will involve biotechnology and computer‐based information technology. As the U.S. economy is being transformed through the growing computerelectronics industry, agricultural applications of computer technology, which include the microcomputer and videotex information retrieval networks, are becoming established agricultural inputs. The emergence of agriculture into the Information Age promises to have significant impacts on the economic and social welfare of the farmer as well as rural banking and postal systems, and agrimarketing and agriinput firms. A development which will shape the impact of information technology is the growing trend toward privatizing information which could result in agricultural information being transformed into a purchased agricultural input. This promises to undermine many public agricultural service activities. The penetration of information technology in agriculture along with the privatization of agricultural information has the potential of accelerating the forces which are consolidating farms and changing the face of agricultur

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dissemination of social program innovations that have been demonstrated to be effective through rigorous evaluation is an important issue. The classical dissemination framework emphasizes the position that programs implemented with fidelity to the original model are most likely to produce the positive outcomes demonstrated in the model's evaluation phase. However, critics suggest that local programs that are extensively modified are more likely to meet local goals and, therefore, are more likely to be sustained within the organization. The present research examined the implementation, effectiveness, and routinization of seven innovations replicated in a nationwide sample of organizations. The innovations were diverse in both content and implementing context and were located in a variety of sites, including schools, courts, prisons, police departments, and social service agencies. The results suggest that the innovations were replicated with acceptable levels of fidelity to the disseminated program models, and that higher‐fidelity implementations tended to be more effective than those implemented with lower fidelity. The implications of the findings for social program dissemination policy are discussed and the authors propose an expansion of Berman's contingency model of innovation disseminatio

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

International and domestic terrorism present some of the same kinds of policy imperatives as do natural and other man‐made disasters. In terms of the unpredictability and potential destructiveness of the events, the problems of preparing for, mitigating or lessening the effects of, responding to, and recovering from the disasters are essentially the same. This article suggests that the current emergency management models can be adapted to fit the circumstances created by terrorist violence. A model of antiterrorism policy interventions can be f i t into the preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery model now guiding the efforts of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other disaster preparedness and response agencies in the United State

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY