ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Policy analysis in the United States relies heavily on the microeconomic assumption that the primary motive in individual and organizational behavior is self interest. After describing how the over‐reliance on self interest emerged, this paper provides evidence that participants in the social policy process relyon other motivations to structure their decision‐rules which are equally if not more important than self interest. The paper goes on to describe and explain how decision‐rules based on notions of distributive justice operate and to integrate this line of inquiry with an evolving paradigm for policy research which is sensitive to organizational context, supports adaptive administration, and encourages the analysis of the normative premises underlying social policy a

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The implications o f the editorial bias of academic journals for the selection of articles with apparently statistically significant findings are widely recognized but largely ignored. Few worry about the incentives the publishing bias presents to researchers for empirical abuse that brings into question the basis of social science knowledge. One possible solution, desirable but probably impractical, is to review articles with statistical results and conclusions omitted. Another, more practical, approach is to guarantee journal space for replication of previously published research. Finally, editors should take greater care in warning readers about findings that implicitly make unfounded statistical claims.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because research synthesis enables one to determine either the overall effectiveness of different types of treatments, it is becoming increasingly popular as a tool in program evaluation. Numerous methodological problems arise, however, when research synthesis is applied to studies conducted in field settings. The present paper categorlzes and discusses these problems as being threats to either the (1) internal validity (whether one can draw conclusions about cause and effect), (2) statistical conclusion validity (whether one's inferential statistics are capable of detecting cause‐and effect relationships, (3) construct validity (whether one's treatments and outcome measures are valid operationalizations of the independent and dependent variables of interest), or (4) external validity (whether one can generalize results to particular populations, settings, or time periods) of research synthesis (see Cook&Campbell, 1979). Specific recommendations are made for minimizing these threats to validity, In order to improve the quality of research synthesis in program evaluation. Finally, the validit framework is applied to an actual synthesis to identify strengths, weaknesses, and potential means of enhancing research qualit

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simultaneous, comparative review of the attempts by different countries and country groupings to react to the economic problems caused by the two oil shocks. of the 1970s can help us evaluate the relative success of those efforts. In general, the world has yet to recover from those shocks, with various combinations of slow growth, high unemployment, high inflation rates, and substantial governmental andlor international debt still facing countries everywhere. It appears that different combinations of traditional fiscal and monetary policy largely shifted the temporal impact of the shocks or altered the trade‐offs among problem categories. It also appears that energy policy may be a more powerful tool with which to approach the possibility of future shocks than any combination of economic policie

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The final point in the nuclear fuel cycle has always been the eventual retirement, decommissioning, of the 81 commercial nuclear power reactors presently in existence. This eventual retirement has been thought to be an issue of the future, because the large plants, built in the 1960s and 1970s. were assumed to have an expected operating life of 30 to 40 years. However, the reality is that several commercial reactors already have been decommissioned, and numerous others will soon reach maturity. This article examines decommissioning of nuclear power plants from a public policy–rather than a technical–perspective. A number of questions are addressed concerning the policy implications associated with decommissioning. The findings of the study are based on survey data from the utilities, an examination of NRC documents, interviews with NRC staff scientists, and site visits to several decommissioned pla

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper focuses on the use of attitude measures in evaluation research. It is suggested that attitude measures can assist evaluators in surmounting the problems of assessing program effectiveness both in process and impact evaluations. Attitude change can be conceptualized as the intended output of programs, as intervening between program variables and behavior or as proxy measures of behavioral target variables that are not readily measurable. Attitude measures can play avital role in evaluation research if an adequate methodology is employed.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper defines comparable worth as part of the pay equity movement, given an overview of the reasons for its development in the 1980s.and identifies objections to its implementation. It also articulates the political and implementation challenges comparable worth presents and specifies the purpose of this special symposium.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reviews various theories about labor markets in the United States and traces the arguments that accompany each theory concerning why women earn less than men. To test some of these arguments, the paper uses aggregate statistics on the sex composition of occupations and industries during the decade 1970–1980 t o identify trends. Findings show that the sex segregation of occupations decreased slightly while the sex segregation of industries increased. The earnings differential between men and women remained substantially the same. The paper offers an explanation using labor market theories for these empirical findings and, in light of this explanation, assesses the implications for the effectiveness of comparable worth policie

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Comparable worth continues to be a controversial issue both in the private and public sector, but particularly in state government. Between 1981 and 1985, a t least 38 states entertained the comparable worth issue at some level. Based on three surveys conducted in 1984 and 1985, this study found that the extent o f states' comparable worth activities, when measured by the introduction of comparable worth bills, tends to vary depending upon the states' geographical location, party line‐ups in the legislatures, unionization of state employees, and the states' votes on the Equal Rights Amendment. The study also identifies a few issues in implementing comparable worth in state government–such as job evaluation, and costs of comparable wo

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY