ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Private nonprofit organizations play a major role in delivering a range of publicly funded social services. Aggregate data from a recent Urban Institute study reveal that recent federal cutbacks have affected the services, programs and clients of NPOs. An examination of specific agencies in Maricopa County (Phoenix) reveals that many service providers have adopted a business approach to their services and clients, treating them as commodities. In general, agencies serving clients with Resource Mobilization Potential‐youth and elderly‐have fared better than those dealing primarily with poor adu

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

State Administrative Procedure Acts (APAs), like their federal counterpart, attempt to even the odds that citizens’rights will be protected as administrative agencies exercise quasi‐legislative and quasi‐judicial functions. North Carolina is one of several states which has recently attempted to constrain agency power in rulemaking and complaint adjudication. This is a case study of policy outcomes attained by the North Carolina General Assembly in its 1985 revision of the state's APA. Why did some state legislators’efforts to assume stricter oversight over administrative rulemaking fall far short of the kind of control and accountability they aimed for? We explore three types of obstacles to APA reform encountered in North Carolina. Each is relevant to other states. First, direct surveillance or “police‐patrol” techniques of legislative oversight impose undesirable political costs on legislators. Second, there is an absence of (or categorical precedence is against) the adoption of such techniques. Third, executive‐legislative branch conflict and complex separation of powers issues arise when state legislatures attempt to curtail administrative rulemaking in significantly new and r

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines key actors’and citizens’perceptions on several issues involving various actions designed to lessen the effects of a damaging earthquake as well as the degree of concern these groups have over the occurrence of such an event. The relationship discovered between key actors’and the public's attitudes on these issues indicates that several other studies of earthquake policy adoption which suggest that a lack of citizen awareness and support for earthquake policy are the major barriers to adoption may be in error. In fact, it is discovered that in the Central states, it is the public which is concerned and supportive of such policy and the key actors who are more reluctant to endorse such pol

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As the primary source of procedures that state agencies must follow, state Administrative Procedure Acts (APAs) structure administrative discretion in the promulgation of rules and regulations. While the federal APA has been studied extensively, much less has been written about state procedural statutes. This article describes the major rulemaking provisions in state APAs and provides a broad, comparative, and systematic understanding of these provisions. Our analysis yields three major findings. First, state procedural statutes vary considerably in the extent to which they structure administrative discretion in rulemaking. Second, adoption of these rulemaking provisions tends to vary in a systematic way, as states first incorporate due process provisions, and then adopt responsiveness and rationality provisions. Third, in the area of procedural regulatory reform, states have made considerable strides in reforming regulatory administration.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite a tremendous growth in the volume of policy analysis in the past decade, recent research indicates governmental decisionmakers make little direct use of such research; at best, policy‐oriented research alters a decisionmaker's conceptualization of the policy problem over the long term. Previous efforts to explain policymakers’limited use of policy research have generally not considered the opportunities and constraints presented by specific decisionmaking contexts. To a large extent, the research utilization literature has focused on attitudinal and demographic characteristics of decisionmakers and has adopted as a central focus the “two‐communities” theory which asserts that frequent, direct use of policy research by policymakers is unlikely because of the competing worldview and belief systems of policy researchers and policymakers. While the two‐communities theory may partially explain the limited use of policy research, it ignores the institutional incentives motivating decisionmakers. More specifically, this earlier research does not consider the different motivations of policymakers and their relative impact on use of policy information. To expand the explanation of decisionmakers’use of policy information, I postulate a model of legislators’use of policy information that includes four types of factors that influence legislators’propensity to use policy information. These factors‐worldview and attitude toward social science, perception of the way policy issues are considered in the legislature, perception of the legislative structure, and legislative orientations‐combine two‐communities type of independent variables and perceptions of the legislative environment. In this way, policymakers’use of policy information can be examined more realisti

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The conservative challenge of the Reagan administration has not produced a full‐scale reversal of the liberal policies and social programs developed by earlier administrations and seems unlikely to do so now. Nevertheless, the continuities in American social and political history, the changed economic and fiscal circumstances of the current era, and growing public appreciation of the limits of federal action and of institutional capabilities are likely to effect a reduction in the level of federal spending for social programs in the foreseeable future and force the states to assume larger fiscal and programmatic roles. Implications for future employment and training policies include continued decentralization, a shift in focus away from training new entrants to retraining mid‐career workers, and greater emphasis on meeting cost‐effectiveness tests as program goals seek to promote economic efficiency rather than social objec

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The federal government has, relative to other areas of social welfare program activity, been especially slow in the development of employment and training policy. The reasons for this can be found in terms of an understanding of the most basic American political and economic ideas. The history of federal initiatives in employment and training policy is traced briefly and the impact of certain American political ideas on this pattern of development is analyzed. Particular attention is given to the issues of coordinating of employment and training programs and the increased role of the state and private sector in designing and managing such programs. It is suggested that in light of certain historic American political patterns, there might be costs to moving in commonly sought after ways that are not readily evident.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), passed by Congress in 1982, is significant federal employment and training legislation for a number of reasons. Most noticeably, it substantially enhanced private sector and state government roles in the administration of such programs. In order to understand both the programmatic impact of JTPA and its likely consequences on subsequent federal employment and training initiatives, it is necessary to look at the politics of the legislation‐especially those interests that are strongly represented through its implementation and those that are not. By doing this, one obtains a better sense of the dimensions of conflict around future employment and training legislation. General guidelines within which Congress should act in subsequent legislative activity are laid ou

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY