ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social regulation resolves the conflict over who will bear the costs of production‐related harm to public health, safety, and the environment. The extent of social regulation reflects the political power of affected interests, the economic consequences of control, and the prevailing regulatory ideol‐ ogy. In this paper, I analyze the impact of the Reagan deregulatory ideology on implementation of the Superfund program to cleanup hazardous waste sites. Itesolution of the conflict over enabling legislation is examined to gauge the relative political power of Superfund Act supporters. Resolution of the ronflict over implementation is examined to determine the extent to which these same political forces limited the success of the Reagan ideology in promoting regulatory inact

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

President Reagan's New Federalism has promised to redistribute the political power within the fcdcral system through a concerted program of deregulation and decentralization. Through such an approach, the Administration holds that intergovernmental policy making will reap the benefits of increased cooperation, efficiency, and effectiveness. This paper examines Reagan's New Federalism in energy policy, finding a continued presence of state‐federal conflict in intergovernmental implementation decisions. This conflict emerges as the President's priorities of deregula‐ tion and decentralization often combat one another. This analysis, then, suggests that New Federalism's emphasis on deregulation, rather than decentralization, carries the greatest weight in explaining the politics on intergovernmental energy policy implementation in the 19

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One of the recent trends in the field of criminal justice has been the development of state jail standards. The nature of local politics has meant that jails have been among the most poorly funded and operated governmental institutions. The result of decades of neglect is a fertile ground for inmate litigation. The interest shown by the courts, in a variety of operational and procedural areas, has been a key factor in leading many states to assume a greater role in local jail oversight. This article examines some of the problems facing jails and describes state efforts to address these problems through state‐level jail standards and enforcement procedure

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The technique of environmental impact analysis (EIA) was developed initially in the United States in response to a requirement of the National 15nvironmental Policy Act of 1969. Now adopted with variations in at least 3 0 countries antf by the European Community, EIA has proved to be a va1ua't)le component of a group of related techniques for discovering and projectirig the probable consequences of proposed action. In pursuit of iriprovenicnt in analytic technique, however, the policy rationale for EIA has too oftcii been obscured. EIA depends for full effectiveness upon in‐ tcgration into the policy‐making process. Separated from commitment to environmental policy objectives, El.4 IS at risk of becoming redundant paperw

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article is one of the first efforts to describe and assess the environ‐ rricntal impact asscssmcnt process iri the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The FWS environmental impact assessment process has evolved from a procedural requirement limited to biological concerns to a more c o m p r e 11 ensi ve pro ce ss i nvol vi n g soc i a 1 and economic consider at i ons. 7'h i s historical overview describes changes in agency actions. Recent FWS en‐ vironmental impact assessments are examined that concern translocation of the Southern Sea Otter in California; master planning efforts related to thc heavily‐visited Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge; use of steel shot for hunting fowl; antf comprehensive use plans for Alaskan national wildlife re

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After a decade's deliberation, the European Community EIA Directive bccomes operative on July 3, 1988. Member states spent 7 years refining the proposals and were given 3 years to devise implementation procedures. In this paper the attempt by the UK government to contain the impact of the Directive on domestic policy is reviewed. While the UK government was successful in eroding many provisions during formulation, it has been prevented from exempting many projects from mandatory EIA in its im‐ plementation procedures. The most significant reform is that many projects are subject to formal EIA for the first tim

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We examine the role of environmental assessments in the siting process mandated under the ambitious Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. We analyze the effect of these assessments in both the western and eastern United States using the original documents, critiques of the methodology of the assessments, and public comments on the siting process, including a content analysis of hearings in Wisconsin and Maine. We conclude that the major effect of the assessments on the policy process was to stimulate public and state opposition to the Department of Energy's efforts to implement NWPA, leading to what could be called policy failure and a significant redirection of the act by Congress in late 1987. The paper represents an early report of a more comprehensive and ongoing study of the politics of nuclear waste disposal.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Advocacy of impact assessment has exceeded documentation of the un‐ even influence of impact assessment information on policy analysis. Start‐ ing with a simple distinction between pluralist and hierarchical policy systems, an analysis is presented of relations between impact assessment and policy processes in Asia, with special emphasis on the Philippines. Conclusions are drawn about the political significance of impact assessment information in different policy conte

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1988.tb00921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY