ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article analyzes the government's role in regulating asbestos‐related health hazards in the United States. The U.S. government has served as both promoter and regulator of the U.S. asbestos industry, and this article examines the extent to which—in both capacities—it has hindered rather than facilitated the information dissemination essential to voluntary assumption of asbestos related risks. In documenting the behavior of the major government actors, this paper investigates the political and economic forces that have shaped U.S. asbestos policy. It shows how the Congressional transition from promoter to regulator of the asbestos industry can be explained by the susceptibility of political processes to transaction‐cost augmentation by the bure

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature on policy making has largely ignored the formulation and implementation of policy when governmental agencies process citizen disputes. In this essay we provide an initial exploration of the dimensions of agency policy making and policy implementation during dispute processing. Using a case study of dispute processing by a state public utilities regulatory agency, it appears that dispute processing contributes to evolutionary policy formulation and implementation by providing a context for the incremental adjustment and legitimation of continuing policies, by sponsoring negotiations leading to the serial adaption of existing policies to new circumstances, and by screening disputes and sharpening the issues in disputes so they are amenable to policy development through agency adjudicatory procedures. The findings of the case study suggest that processing of citizen complaints flowing into the “bottom” of an agency is potentially as important as the politics of the rule making and licensing procedural contexts in the conduct of regulatory pol

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Federal aid to local governments was cutback throughout the Reagan administration. In dealing with these revenue cutbacks, ex‐recipients have a variety of options, to find new sources of revenue or reduce expenditures. Based on the perspectives of local government budget officials and environmental data, this study attempts to determine which governments will be most successful in minimizing service cutbacks in this environment. Using a cross‐sectional analysis and data concerning federal revenue sharing, we find both support and differences for many predictors found in previous case‐studies of fiscal stress. The differences likely stem from the new cutback environment. This study illustrates that management strategies under fiscal decentralization are strategic and not haph

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “American Dream” is a compromise between an elitist dream and a democratic dream. While citizens enjoy equal political and legal rights, democracy is undermined in the economic sphere by vast inequalities of wealth, status and power. The American Dream can and should be transcended through a rediscovery of the “democratic dream” of Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was a defender of popular government and equality, who viewed vast inequalities of wealth as incompatible with a society of free and independent citizens living together in social harmony. Jefferson favored a variety of policies to expand economic equality. In Jefferson one finds an authentically American set of ideas for challenging the consensus that limits democracy to political and legal

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “corporate liberal” regime that held together in America from the end of World War I1 to the 1960s was marked by broad agreement on ideology, public policy and a stable ruling coalition centered in the Democratic Party. This regime unraveled in the late 1960s and 1970s with the relative decline in American military and economic hegemony and the rise of a “left liberal insurgency”. Key corporate liberal intellectuals and constituencies migrated to the Republican Party under Reagan. Reaganism will not sustain itself because its coalition partners are too disparate, its failure to transform the Republicans into a majority party, a lack of consensus on many issues, and the continued decline of the U.S. in the international economy. Corporate liberalism will find itself migrating to a revitalized Democratic Party, under a centrist leadership favoring fiscal responsibility, government‐corporate partnerships, and a more efficient

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The conservative explanation for the persistence of poverty—that liberal social programs have created with disincentives‐explains very little of the poverty that exists. It has gained acceptance because liberal anti‐poverty efforts have been based on flawed understanding of the problem that insured their failure. Because of the oversupply of young adult workers in the 1970s, there was a proliferation of jobs paying low wages. Liberal programs that assumed that the poor simply needed training and education to lift themselves out of poverty, ignored the shortage of jobs paying above‐poverty‐level wages. Liberals also assumed that with the requisite training and jobs, all Americans have the capacity to gain the skills necessary to obtain those jobs. This neglects data showing that a larger proportion of individuals with low native ability have earnings beneath the poverty line than workers with normal ability, even when controlling for educational attainment. A new anti‐poverty effort must take into account thes

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Liberal democracy is decaying because its values have been carried to excess or are obsolete for effectively addressing society's contemporary challenges. The loss of American military, technological, and economic hegemony—through the rise of competitors and increased interdependence—has threatened the nation's sense of ideological superiority, social coherence, and purpose. The prospects for a democratic renewal will require first, an enabling crisis that calls into question the existing social order, particularly capitalism, and the liberal values on which it is legitimated. Second, a broad‐based popular movement would have to emerge that supports a redirection in the value structure, social relationships, and the public policy agenda. The essay concludes with concrete recommendations for reforming political institutions and new policies that would move us along such a

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1990.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY