ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The possibility of predicting the development of atopic diseases up to 18 months of age, by using IgE, IgE‐ and IgG‐antibodies (Ab) to food allergens, skin prick tests (SPT) and T‐lymphocyte subsets, was prospectively studied in 163 infants with atopic heredity. IgE determinations in cord blood showed a positive allergy‐predictive value of only 21%, using an optimal cut‐off limit (? 0.9 kU/l). The corresponding figure for a weakly positive RAST (? 0.15<0.35 PRU/ml) to ovomucoid (OVO) or β‐lactoglobulin (BLG) at 6 months of age was 25% and for a positive RAST ? 0.35 PRU/ml 100%. The predictive value of positive SPT to ovalbumin (OA), OVO, BLG and whole cow's milk varied between 67 and 100% and for IgG‐Ab levels to the same food allergens the predictability did not exceed 30%. Total numbers of T cells (CD2, CD3) were higher (p<0.05) at delivery among atopic infants, but neither in cord blood nor in blood samples, taken at 2 and 6 months of age, could absolute T‐cell subset numbers or the CD4/CD8 ratios predict atopic diseases in more than 45% of the cases. A low sensitivity was observed in most of the parameters studied. Thus, none of the tests used in the present study seems suitable for predicting the development of atopic diseases duri

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of atopic sensitization was compared among all pupils in three urban school classes (median age 10, 12 and 14 years, respectively) and three corresponding classes in the adjacent rural district (642 pupils in all). A written questionnaire, oral interview and skin prick testing against 7 allergens were used, with skin tests performed on 93.4 % of the urban, and 92.0 % of the rural pupils. Contact with domestic animals was much more common in the rural area. Urban living was a risk factor for at least one positive skin test to pollen or animal dander, with odds ratio (OR) 1.83 and confidence interval (CI) 1.26–2.67. This was even more pronounced for children with both positive skin test and allergic symptoms (OR 2.13; CI 1.38–3.28). An increased prevalence of positive skin prick tests in the urban area compared with the rural environment was also found for 3 individual allergens, i.e. birch pollen (OR 1.78), timothy pollen (OR 1.87) and cat dander (OR 2.29). The relative risk for positive skin test in the urban area was further increased when standardized for allergic heredity, type of dwelling, daily exposure to tobacco smoke and dampness or abnormal smell in the home. This study suggests that various adjuvant factors increase the risk of sensitization in urban environments, particularly among children with a positive family history of all

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum levels of cow milk‐specific IgG4(IgG4‐milk) and ovalbumin‐specific IgG4(IgG4‐ova) were found to be raised in a group of children with atopic eczema. Patients with the highest levels had IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to some foods but no correlation with IgG4results. Initial IgG4levels did not predict whether the eczema would improve after a diet eliminating cow milk, egg and some other foods. Changes in IgG4‐milk during double‐blind milk challenges did not correlate with clinical changes in patient's eczema as measured by skin assessment. There seems to be no clinical value in measuring IgG4antibodies to milk and ovalbumin in children with atopic eczema, the high titres reflecting antigen

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum immunoglobulins including IgG subclasses were measured in 73 unselected children with asthma. The results showed that 22 (30%) had partial IgA and/or IgG4subclass deficiency. Clinical assessment showed that 21 children were infection‐prone, and 52 were not. Further analysis showed that infection‐prone children were significantly different from non‐infection‐prone children with regard to familial history of allergy (29% vs 60%, p = 0.015), elevated IgE (62% vs 33%, p = 0.021), IgA deficiency (38% vs 15%, p = 0.38) and IgG subclass deficiency (24% vs 4%, p = 0.018). These results suggest that there may be subgroups of children with asthma who are also immunode

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐five infants with bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus were evaluated for the presence of leukotriene B4, C4, D4and E4in nasopharyngeal secretions. An attempt was made to correlate concentrations of leukotrienes to arterial oxygen tension. Forty participants received conventional therapy consisting primarily of aerosolized albuterol and occasional aminophylline therapy. The other 15 individuals received ribavirin therapy in addition to conventional therapy, and leukotriene concentrations were compared among individuals in these groups. RSV infection was documented by standard methods, and leukotrienes were measured by reverse‐phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The leukotriene detected most commonly was LTC4(up to 83% of subjects); LTD4and LTB4were present in approximately 30% of individuals. The mean partial pressure of oxygen was found to be lower in those individuals with detectable LTB4than in those without detectable LTB4(p<0.025), and an overall inverse correlation of LTB4concentrations with initial pO2values was observed (r = 0.318, p<0.05). The presence and quantity of other leukotrienes did not correlate with the severity of illness. During the first week of illness, the concentration of leukotrienes declined sharply in ribavirin recipients. Individuals receiving conventional therapy during the same time interval exhibited stable or increasing leukotriene concentrations. These observations suggest that LTB4may be important in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, and that ribavirin therapy may inhibit leukotriene release in the respiratory tr

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐one children with total or partial IgA deficiency were compared for clinical and laboratory features. Serum IgG were higher in total IgA deficiency. Moreover, while no subject with partial IgA deficiency showed autoantibodies, 48% of the group with total IgA deficiency showed one or more autoantibodies. These data support the notion that total and partial deficiencies are two distinct entitie

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐five patients with hypersensitivity reactions to phenobarbital and/or phenytoin are described. Clinical manifestations uniformly consisted of fever and a pruritic skin rash, and were often accompanied by conjunctivitis and lymphadenopathy. Less frequent complications included exfoliative dermatitis and protein‐losing enteropathy. Histologic examination of skin in 4 patients and jejunal biopsies in 2 patients demonstrated a prominent inflammatory response consisting predominantly of mononuclear cells. Immunoperoxidase studies identified these cells as mainly activated T cells in the skin and activated T‐suppressor/cytotoxic cells in the gastrointestinal tract.In vitrolymphoproliferative responses by patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated increased blastogenesis to phenobarbital stimulation, 1237 versus 74 cpm (p<0.01), and in some patients to phenytoin, 848 versus 87 cpm (p<0.01), suggesting some cross‐reactivity with phenytoin. Five patients subsequently treated with phenytoin also developed an allergic reaction to this medication. The clinical findings and laboratory studies suggest that adverse drug reactions to phenobarbital and/or phenytoin are probably mediated by a T‐cell immune hypersensitivi

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY