摘要:

The different biological properties of human IgG subclasses make each subclass unique in its functional role in either resistance to infection, autoimmune diseases or allergy. Not only are there marked differences in the relative concentrations of IgG subclasses in serum (IgG1>IgG2>IgG3/IgG4) but the distribution of the antibody responses in the 4 subclasses of IgG can vary markedly depending on the nature of the antigen, the type of infection, the degree of antigen exposure, the immunization regimens, the age of individual, the immune disorder and the allotype of the individual. Measurement of the IgG subclass distribution of antibodies can be informative in identifying an immunological deficiency, evaluating the production of host protective antibodies, and assessing pathophysiology. Determination of IgG subclass concentrations is essential in the diagnosis of immunodeficiencies. However, there is still uncertainty about the accuracy of measurements in relation to standards, monoclonal antibodies and assay types. For the paediatric population, a sensitive assay, such as an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay, is essential. A standardised definition of IgG subclass deficiency is yet to be accepted; however, values substantially below the 5th percentile for a normal healthy population of appropriate age measured by a defined assay system may be indicative of significant abnormality. There is emerging evidence that some subclass deficiencies are associated with increased susceptibility to infection. Such IgG subclass deficiencies may be amenable to treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin preparations, but further carefully designed and controlled studies are needed to ascertain treatment efficacy.

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

House dust contains several indoor allergens which can elicit hypersensitivity and various atopic symptoms, especially in childhood. This review article focusses on house dust mite hypersensitivity to one of the most important species,Dermatophagoides, as a model. A clear dose‐response relationship has been demonstrated between house dust mite allergen exposure in mattress dust samples and sensitization, i.e. serum IgE toDermatophagoidesand positive histamine release from basophil leukocytes to one of the major allergens fromDermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p I.2 μg major allergen ofDermatophagoides/g of dust and 8 μg major allergen of cat/g of dust have been suggested to be threshold concentrations above which the risk of sensitization in genetically predisposed atopic children is significantly increased. Epidemiological studies showed house dust mite allergens to be one of the most important risk factors in the development of atopic airway disease. A relation between age at onset of the first wheezing episode and house dust mite allergen exposure at the age of 1 year has been observed. There are various factors influencing house dust mite growth, and many studies have been performed to reduce house dust mite allergen exposure. Until now, none of the approaches appeared to have achieved sufficient mite and mite allergen reduct

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We determined the birth month of a sample of 208 patients with bronchial asthma or rhinitis and positive skin test to house dust mite. The majority of patients were born in the summer and autumn months. The increased incidence of house dust mite allergy in patients born in the months of July to September, when house dust mites are most abundant, corresponds to a relative risk of 1.43. It is important that exposure to house dust mites in early childhood is kept to a minimum as exposure to allergens may influence the development of allergic disease in later life.

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of milk feeding on the ontogeny of serum IgA in breast and cow milk formula fed neonates was studied. There was a rise in serum IgA concentrations from the 2nd week in both groups, but no difference in rate of appearance or concentrations in relation to age, gestation or sex. The ingestion of RSV antibody‐rich colostrum was associated with a rise in serum anti‐RSV IgA in 2 preterm infants during the perinatal period. We suggest that there are 2 mechanisms which regulate the ontogeny of circulating IgA: an early but small intestinal uptake of colostral IgA, and a later endogenous production, which in this study was not influenced by composition of fe

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reliability of antigliadin antibodies of IgA and IgG classes for the diagnosis and follow‐up of coeliac disease was evaluated by ELISA tests. Forty coeliac patients, 41 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases and 50 healthy subjects were studied. IgA antigliadin antibodies were detected in all patients on unrestricted diet and in those on a challenge with a gluten‐containing diet. A low incidence of positivities was found in patients on a gluten free‐diet, while no positivity was found in controls or gastrointestinal patients. IgG determination, in contrast, showed poor specificity. Our data suggest that a positive IgA antigliadin test may be a reliable marker for the presence of active coeliac disease, which should be confirmed by intestinal biopsy; it is, moreover, a good marker for monitoring patients, since elevated values might suggest non‐compliance with t

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 16 asthmatic children 5–16 years old (mean 11.4 yr) treated with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide, serum lipids and serum lipoproteins, serum C‐peptide and serum insulin and urinary cortisol excretion were measured. The dose of inhaled corticosteroid was unchanged for 5 to 12 months prior to investigation. The doses ranged from 800 to 4000 μg (mean 1465 μg) per day. Serum lipids and serum lipoproteins were within the normal range in all patients. One patient treated with an extremely high dose of inhaled steroid showed a high level of serum C‐peptide and serum insulin and a very low level of urinary cortisol excretion. The results of the other 15 patients were within the norma

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have found allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in 8.6% of 105 children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Its development was significantly associated with colonisation of the respiratory tract byPseudomonas aeroginosabut not necessarily by the use of nebulised antibiotics. At the same time, 30% of the 105 CF children hadA. fumigatusgrowing in their sputum, 30% had positive prick skin tests toA. fumigatus, 23% had a positive IgE antibody toA. fumigatusand 19% positiveA. fumigatusprecipitins (IgG antibodies). All of these features were significantly associated with the use of nebulised antibiotics but more strongly associated with Pseudomonas colonisation. It is possible that the Pseudomonas facilitates sensitisation toA. fumigatusor, alternatively, thatA. fumigatusfacilitates colonisation by Pseudomonas. Both hypotheses require investigation.

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary sclerosing cholangitis has occasionally been associated with congenital immunodeficiency. Recently, sclerosing cholangitis has been found in the course of AIDS and cryptosporidium or cytomegalovirus have been observed chronically in the biliary tract, suggesting their role in the evolution to sclerosing cholangitis. We report on 2 brothers with immunodeficiency without any evidence of AIDS, who showed sclerosing cholangitis and recurrent pulmonary infections in the course of their disease. No bacterial microorganism could be cultured from the biliary juice. The serum of both patients contained measurable levels of TNFα. Supernatants from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the two brothers contained higher amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukins 1α and 1β than did supernatants from cultures of normal individuals. The role of cytokines as an aggravating factor in immunodeficiency is discussed as well as their role in the inflammatory proc

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY