ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cord blood samples were collected from a birth cohort of 2631 infants to elucidate the association between genetic and environmental factors and fetal production of IgE. The cord blood IgE values were treated both as a continuous and as a dichotomous variable in the statistical analyses. Multivariate analysis was used to control for confounding factors. Infants with single and biparental atopic heritage had higher IgE concentrations in cord plasma than children of parents without atopy. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association to maternal allergic eczema or perennial rhinitis. The cord blood IgE concentration varied with month of birth with peaks in late autumn. This seasonal variation was not related to parental atopic disease. Boys had significantly higher levels of IgE and more often elevated IgE values (≥0.5 kU/1) than girls. Alcohol and caffeine consumption by the mothers during pregnancy were both significantly associated with elevated IgE concentration. There was also a relation between mothers prepregnant weight and elevated CB‐IgE levels. No significant association was observed between maternal smoking and cord plasma IgE levels. The fact that many factors presumably not related to child allergy seem to influence the regulation of fetal IgE production, could explain the questionable value of cord blood IgE in predicting allergy in childh

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Theex vivorelease of leukotrienes B4(LTB4) and C4(LTC4) from the leukocytes of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) was evaluated after stimulation with Ca‐ionophore and opsonized zymosan and compared with that of control children of similar ages. The blood eosinophil counts and total serum IgE levels in AD children were significantly higher than those in control children. The production of LTC4, but not LTB4, was significantly higher in AD children than in control children. There was a significant correlation between the relative blood eosinophil count and LTC4generation after stimulation with both Ca‐ionophore and opsonized zymosan in all subjects. Calculations of the amount of LTC4produced per eosinophilic cell showed that there was no significant difference between cells from AD children and control children in terms of their ability to produce LTC4. These findings suggest that the enhanced LTC4generation is due to increased numbers of eosinophils rather than to enhanced releasability of these ce

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assayed in nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) and serum from 42 infants, hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection, in El Salvador and the results analyzed in relation to etiology of the infection. ECP concentrations were high in NPS, at an average 50 times higher than those found in serum. Exceedingly high levels of ECP (>1000 μg/L) were found more frequently in wheezing than in non‐wheezing children (30% vs 7%) and, accordingly, were more commonly found in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis than in those with pneumonia. Excessive levels were significantly more common in girls than in boys. Of the 42 cases, 28 were found to be caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A, and 3 by RSV‐B, by means of detection of RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal cells. ECP serum levels were moderately elevated during the acute phase of the respiratory infection and increased slightly but significantly, in cases with RSV antigen‐positive bronchiolitis, but not in those with pneumonia. The ECP levels in NPS from patients in Sweden who, by antigen detection in NPS cells, were diagnosed as either RSV or para‐influenza 3 infection or none of these, were similar. These results indicate that elevation of ECP in NPS is associated with acute lower respiratory infection in general, but particularly pronounced in cases of bronchiolitis. Elevation of ECP is not an exclusive consequence of RSV infection, but may occur to an equal extent in infections caused by other agents. Girls generally seem to be less prone than boys to developing airway obstruction and may, therefore, acquire severe bronchiolitis only when large amounts of inflammatory mediators, such as ECP, accumulate in the

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nedocromil sodium (Ned) 4 mg, sodium cromoglycate (SCG) 10 mg, and placebo were compared for their efficacy in preventing exercise‐induced asthma. Nineteen asthmatic children aged six to 15 years performed a treadmill exercise test before and 20’ after a single dose of drug in a double‐blind trial. Both active drugs performed significantly better than placebo; in fact the exercise challenge resulted in a mean maximum fall in FEV1 of 26.1 ± 14.9% after placebo, but only of 14.6 ± 11.5% after SCG (P<0.05), and 11.0 ± 12.4% after Ned (p<0.01). Measurements of PEFR gave similar results, while the effect of treatment on FEF 25–75 was significant for Ned alone (p<0.05). Direct comparison between Ned and SCG at different time points demonstrated significant differences in FEV1 at 1 min (p<0.05) with a better overall performance of Ned. In individual patients, complete protection was provided in 9 patients with SCG, in 14 patients with Ned and in 2 with placebo. No side effects were observed. This study suggests that at the dosages used there are only slight differences between SCG and Ned activity in the prevention of exercise‐in

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Infants and young children with acute viral respiratory illness were studied to determine the association of peripheral blood eosinophil counts and concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasopharyngeal secretions with the development and severity of bronchiolitis. Subjects included those with upper respiratory illness (URI) alone, pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Controls consisted of healthy infants, and those hospitalized with non‐respiratory illnesses. While peripheral blood eosinophil counts were suppressed in all infected infants greater than two months of age, eosinophil counts in patients with bronchiolitis were significantly greater than in those with URI alone. ECP concentrations were significantly greater among individuals with bronchiolitis than other infected infants. For bronchiolitis cases with detectable peripheral blood eosinophils, eosinophil counts correlated weakly and inversely with oxygen saturations. In contrast, ECP concentrations were strongly inversely correlated with initial oxygen saturation. ECP concentrations were also significantly correlated with peripheral blood eosinophil counts. Viral infections suppress peripheral blood eosinophil counts in infants greater than two months of age, although the effect is somewhat overcome in patients with bronchiolitis. The form and severity of bronchiolitis is much more strongly related to degranulation of eosinophils in the respiratory tract than to peripheral blood eosinophil count

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of aluminium for IgG and IgE responses to pertussis toxin (PT), as well as for side effects, was investigated in 49 children with known atopy status. Primary immunization had been given with an adsorbed monocomponent or an adsorbed two‐component acellular pertussis vaccine. The children were then randomized to receive a booster immunization with either aluminiumadsorbed or non‐adsorbed, whole cell, pertussis vaccine. Both vaccines induced good IgG responses with the adsorbed vaccine giving higher post‐booster levels (p<0.05). The adsorbed vaccine was, however, associated with more local side effects (p<0.05) and tended to induce higher PT‐IgE responses than the non‐adsorbed vaccine. Furthermore, individuals who had received the two‐component vaccine as primary immunization had higher PT‐IgE responses after the booster, compared with individuals initially receiving the monocomponent vaccine (p = 0.041). No correlation between PT‐IgE and PT‐IgG levels was seen in any of the groups. Total serum IgE levels correlated to PT IgE levels, particularly in children with atopy (r = 0.950, p<0.001). The addition of aluminium to the pertussis vaccine, was, thus, associated with a stronger IgG antibody response, but tended also to induce a stronger IgE antibody response. The correlation between total IgE and PT‐IgE, which was most prominent in children with atopy, indicates that the role of immunization for the development of allergy mer

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY