摘要:

Clinical immunodeficiency states may arise as a consequence of genetic defects in the immune system. An increasing number of such diseases are now being identified and in some cases the underlying defects are well understood. In some disorders the outlook has been improved by advances in available treatment, but in most the prognosis is still very poor with death in early infancy in many cases. Recently, there have been significant advances in techniques for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection for some of these disorders. These include the use of gene tracking by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and deletion analysis, detection of defective gene products, assessment of cellular dysfunction, cell series analysis, and X‐chromosome inactivation studies for carrier detectio

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibody response to oral poliovirus immunization, and to evaluate the infection morbidity in a group of infants with a positive family history of atopy who were soy‐protein‐formula fed during the first 6 months of life. We have selected and followed from birth to 4 yr, 107 babies, 18 of whom were exclusively soy‐protein‐formula fed during the first 6 months of life. All infants were seen at our clinic at the ages of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and once‐a‐year afterwards. They regularly received the oral vaccine against polioviruses at the ages of 3, 5 and 12 months. At age 6, 12 and 24 months, poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3 antibodies were detected. There was no significant difference of seroconversion in the babies, breast, soy or breast and soy fed. Furthermore, no increase in infection morbidity was observed in the soy‐protein‐formula fed infants. Our data shows that soy‐protein‐formula feeding in the first 6 months of life does not induce any abnormal antibody response to the oral poliovirus vaccination, as well as no increase in

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serial quantitative measurements of C‐reactive protein (CRP) were performed by reaction rate nephelometry on cord blood and scrum of 70 babies (60 preterm and 10 full term). There were 41 babies born to mothers with no risk factors for bacterial infection (Group 1) and 29 babies born to mothers with risk factors (Group 2), Maternal risk factors for congenital infection were: a history of prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal treatment with antibiotics, chorioamnionitis or positive cultures from high vaginal swabs. Twelve babies had raised CRP levels (>10 mg/1), 2 from Group 1 and 10 from Group 2, 9 of whom were subsequently found to have bacterial infections. One of the 2 babies without suspected infection had severe birth asphyxia. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for CRP levels and total white cell counts (TWCC). Within Group 2, the specificity of raised CRP for diagnosis of congenital bacterial infection was 95% and the sensitivity was 100%, compared to the specificity of TWCC 95% and sensitivity 55%. CRP can be used as a marker for congenital bacterial infection and appears to be more sensitive than TWC

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and thirty‐nine children (85 hoys) from a paediatric allergy clinic were included in a study which aimed to relate disease traits of fungal allergy to measured serum IgE antibodies to fungi. A structured case history was recorded and the children were subject to a panel of skin prick tests which included common inhalant allergens and two fungi,Cladosporium herbarumandAlternoria alternata. Serum IgE antibodies to 16 different fungi were assayed by RAST using the Pharmacia extended panel. Forty‐seven of the children were positive to fungal RAST and many of them were positive to multiple fungi.C. herbarumgave the highest frequency of positive results. The best combination of three fungi for detecting fungal sensitization wasC. Herbarum, Penicillium notatumandMucor racemosus. Skin prick test (SPT) failed to uncover fungal sensitization in many children with broad RAST sensitivity. Children with RAST positivity to fungi generally had more severe asthma and more frequently recognised summer and autumn to be a difficult period compared with children without such positivity. In stepwise regression analysis, positive SPT for cat had the best explanatory value for asthma and positiveC. herbarumRAST the second best. Children with fungal RAST positivities were not over‐represented among cases with allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis but there was a strong association to eczema. The latter is possibly explained by concomitant sensitization to fungi colonizing the human skin. It is suggested that the identification of fungal allergy in asthmatic children will help ensure that proper anti‐inflammatory treatment is instituted during peak spor

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A search for IgE antibodies was performed in 224 children, aged 0–15 yr, with symptoms compatible with IgE‐mediated allergy, employing total IgE. RAST with up to 17 allergens and the Phadiatop® test. Fiftysix of 113 children (50%), aged 0–3 yr, and 80 of 111 children (72%) aged 4–15 yr had specific IgE antibodies. The most common allergens during the first 4 yr were egg white, a mixture of nuts (hazel nut, peanut, almond, coconut and Brazil nut) and milk. During the 2nd yr of life inhalant allergens became more important. From the 3rd yr they became more common than food allergens as sensitizers. Among the children aged 4–15 yr timothy, cat and nut mix were the most common allergens. Among the children with specific IgE antibodies Phadiatop was positive in 58% of the children younger than 4 yr, and in 91% of the children over that age. Fifty‐three of the children with IgE antibodies against nut mix were further investigated for antibodies against hazel nut, peanut and almond, and 48 (91%) were positive against at least one of them. The parents of 41 of these patients answered a questionnaire about adverse symptoms against nuts, and 26 (63%) were aware of clinical sensitivity. In conclusion, IgE antibodies against food allergens dominated in children under 2 yr, and thereafter antibodies against inhalants became more important. An unexpectedly high prevalence of IgE antibodies against nut mixture was found. Phadiatop was a good screening method for identification of children 4 yr or older with IgE antibodies again

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The homes of 68 atopic asthmatic children were studied to estimate the concentrations of perennial and seasonal aeroallergens (Der pl, Fel d1, grass pollen, tree pollen,Cladosporium, Aspergillaceae andAlternaria) to which children were likely to have been exposed during their first few months of life, by sampling in the child's month of birth. There was a strong association between the presence or absence of the house dust mite allergen Der p1 in the air with the skin test and IgE antibody test results (p<0.001), with a similar association for cat allergen Pel d 1 (p<0.01), when using a low volume sampler (equivalent to the minute tidal volume of a small baby). No significant correlation was found between levels of allergen in carpet dust and air in the same room. There was a strong indication that the presence of a cat at birth was linked with a higher risk of development of allergy to cat, but high levels of Fel d 1 were sometimes found in homes even when there was no cat present, indicating that allergen may be introduced from other sources. The levels of tree pollen were significantly higher in the homes of tree pollen‐allergic children than in the homes of patients without this sensitivity (p<0.01); and the degree of sensitivity, determined by RAST, correlated significantly to the level of tree pollen in the home (p<0.001). However, no relationship was found between specific sensitivity and the levels ofCladosporium, Aspergillaceae,Alternariaor grass pollen measured in the homes. The effect of high allergen exposure was most prominent in children under 7 yr and not beyond that ag

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the season 65 children, 7–19) yours old, with conjunctivitis due to birch pollinosis were treated with eyedrops, either levocabastine b. i. d. (+ placebo b. i. d.) (n=32), or cromoglycate q. i. d. (n= 33). Beclomethasone was given to children with rhinitis. Symptoms of conjunctivitis and sedation as well as pollen counts were assessed daily. Blood was drawn before and at the end of the treatment. When mean weekly scores for symptoms of conjunctivitis or sedation were evaluated there were no significant differences between the treatments. A dynamic statistical method correlating symptoms with pollen counts on the same and previous days was applied showing that the children treated with levocabastine had a quicker reduction of their conjunctivis symptoms after a pollen peak (p<0.05) but were tired for a longer period (p<0.01). Other side effects were few and similar in the groups. No significant changes were seen in the blood safety data. The differences between the groups were small, and from a clinical point of view the conclusion is that levocabastine taken twice daily is as effective and as free of side effects as cromoglycate taken 4 times a da

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a double blind manner 38 children with hayfever due to birch pollinosis and weighing 25–80 kg (mean 45 kg) were treated with either astemizole 5 mg/d or placebo for 2 wks before the start of the birch pollen season. At the start of the season all children were given astemizole in doses increasing every week, i. e. 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/d. This part of the study was blind in that patients did not know the actual dose administered and the physiscians did not know the plasma concentrations of the drug. Blood was drawn before the start of the medication and after each week in the single blind phase of the trial. Despite the long half‐life of astemizole. prophylactic treatment gave no improvement during the first week of the pollen season. Increasing daily doses from 0. 1 mg/kg body weight gave i'ewer hayfever symptoms up to 0. 25 mg/kg, corresponding to a plasma concentration of 4 ng/ml of astemizole plus hydroxyluted metabolites. Still higher doses up to 40 mg/d, corresponding to 0. 5–1. 6 mg/kg/d. gave littie improvement. Sedation and other side effects did not increase with higher doses. Analyses of various laboratory tests did not reveal any abnormalities that were judged to be a result of the medication. However, liver enzymes increased during the treatment period although all values were within normal limits. Thus, astemizole is safe even in higher doses, but neither prophylactic treatment nor daily doses above 0. 25 mg/kg/d improve treatment results in hayfever. The statistical lime series model used correlating symptoms with pollen exposure allowed a good evaluation of the dose‐response of astemizole in hayfever despite the limited number of

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY