摘要:

ABSTRACTMore and more cities are being encouraged to subsidize sports stadiums as an economic development tool. In this paper regression analysis using census data on nine different metropolitan areas is employed to evaluate the impact of stadiums and professional sports teams on area development. Previous attempts to estimate the effectiveness of sports‐based development have used assumption‐driven trade multiplier models. The evidence presented here is that the presence of a new or renovated stadium has an uncertain impact on the levels of personal income and possibly a negative impact on local development relative to the region. These results should serve as a caution to those who assume or assert a large positive stadium imp

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStandardized features dominate the retail landscape of the United States and are the physical components of retail districts. This study tests the hypothesis that standardized building blocks have failed to produce the same retail structure in all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Ninety‐two medium‐sized MS As are analyzed to determine if the arrangement and strength of their retail districts differ. The relationship between functional and spatial aspects of retail structure in central place theory provides a basis for testing the hypothesis of diversity. Christaller's separation principle provides a plausible conceptual framework for diverse retail structure if each MSA is analyzed as an isolated region. Five types of retail structure are analyzed using data obtained from theCensus of Populationand theCensus of Retail Trade.The types are identified by performing a serial iterative partition cluster procedure on prioritized metropolitan sales variables. The statistical significance of the types is tested with Mann‐Whitney U‐tests of functional variables not used in the cluster analysis. Verification confirms five distinctive types. Monocentric and polycentric retail structures exist but decentralized retail structure is even more common in medium‐sized MSAs. The distribution of types of retail structure follows regional pattern that indicate historical and political factors as contributi

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of tax rates and tax rate differentials in a trade area on local sales tax revenues. Sales data for FY 1986 were analyzed for the 75 nonmetropolitan communities in Oklahoma with populations between 2,500 and 50,000. Multiple regression techniques were used to estimate local tax revenues as a function of tax rates, tax rate differential and local community economic and locational attributes.The results indicate that the tax rate differential was not significantly related to local revenue collection in the overall sample, but that the differential was significant for rural communities with relatively higher tax rates. Tax rate, income, service sector employment and a gravity factor were also significant influences on local sales tax revenues. These results imply that, because of the unique characteristics of rural retail markets and the dominance of rural trade centers, these rural trade center cities are able to raise local tax rates and effectively export tax burden to nonresidents without significantly affecting their retail sales when the tax differential is not a large one.

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOne solution that has been proposed for the fiscal disparities in fragmented metropolitan areas is the sharing of taxes generated by commercial and industrial property. A criticism of this proposal is that it distorts the efficient pattern of business locations resulting when an implicit market for business locations is allowed to develop through the independent fiscal behavior of communities and the optimizing location behavior of businesses. Critics recognize that the efficiency argument against sharing a metropolitan area's business tax base must be qualified to the extent that local governments possess location advantages which enable them to extract rents from business firms. This paper presents an empirical analysis which permits a partition of the local property tax payments from industrial firms into accessibility location rents and compensation payments to the community for the negative externalities of industrial development. The empirical analysis suggests that approximately 40 percent of the industrial taxes received by communities in this analysis represents accessibility location rents. It is concluded that these receipts could be redistributed through a metropolitan area tax base sharing program without affecting the efficiency of the implicit market for business locations.

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper introduces the concept of labour equivalence and determines the index of the intensity of labour use in its terms. The measure thus defined is shown to be analogous to the predefined labour multiplier with the necessary incorporation of prices and wages. The explicit inclusion of price‐wage parameters gives it the advantage of being a more efficient planning too

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

What follows is a comment on Noel D. Uri's “The Structure of Agricultural Unemployment in the United States,” published in Growth and Change in Summer 1989. Uri's reply appears after the comm

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00518.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:Industrial Change InternationalG J.R. Linge and G.A. van der Knaap, eds.,Labor, Environment and Industrial Change.Internal ColoniesC. Matthew Snipp, ed.Public Policy Impacts on American Indian Economic Development.Do People Choose in Government Service Markets?The Competitive City: The Political Economy of Suburbia.Stimulating Business‐The State as EntrepreneurPeter K. Eisinger.The Rise of the Entrepreneurial State: State and Local Economic Development Policy in the United States.Alternative Service Delivery: One ViewJohn A. Rehfuss.Contracting Out in Government: A Guide to Working with Outside Contractors to Supply Public Services.Alternative Service Delivery: Another ViewLawrence K. Finley ed.,Public Sector Privatization: Alternative Approaches to Service Delivery.Changes: United States and AustraliaLay James Gibson and Robert J. Stimson eds.,Regional Structural Change: Experience and Prospects in Two Mature Economie

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY