摘要:

ABSTRACTUsing an expanded shift share technique to impute international trade‐related industrial job change, the extent to which structural changes in trade and defense spending appear to explain state economic performance differentials is explored. The findings show there is limited support for the “trade perimeter” argument, but strong support for the hypothesized relationship between military procurement spending and state trade performance. To the extent that defense commitments, especially to private sector procurement and R&D, have operated as an informal industrial policy, particularly by guaranteeing strong domestic sales, they have enabled a significant number of states peripheral to the traditional industrial heartland to build a strong international trade posture. The conclusion offers observations on the economic development implications of these fin

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent trends suggest increasing reliance on private markets to provide for local economic well‐being. This research demonstrates the study of regional household income distribution patterns associated with productive activities important to many rural areas. A social accounting matrix analysis was used to examine agricultural production, agricultural processing, forestry production, forest products processing, and tourism in a small rural region in Wisconsin to illustrate the variable distributional characteristics of private market structures and related local economic development policy. The results showed that while high income households comprised 22 percent of total regional households in the study area, they received between 57 percent and 63 percent of earned income associated with changes in sectoral factor income. Medium income households (34 percent of regional households) received between 32 percent and 41 percent of earned income, and low income households (44 percent) received between 2 percent and 6 percent. The ability of local policy to influence distributional patterns is implied to the extent that local action can facilitate variable growth rates of targeted economic sector

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInterindustry employment requirements are examined in nonmetropolitan communities ranging in population size between 1,000 and 15,000. A ten‐sector economic base model is first used to estimate the demand for nonbasic employment in five different functional types of communities. A new and improved method for community impact assessment is then outlined. Here a distance‐weighting procedure is applied to the various type‐specific estimates of nonbasic employment so that a composite employment requirements matrix can be calculated for any study community. Finally, postimpact interindustry requirements are decomposed into two effects: preimpact employment requirements plus nonbasic employment shifts reflecting structural change. All estimates and findings are based on the Arizona Community Dat

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the use of empirical evidence to determine whether the exposure of minorities to environmental risks constitutes aversive racism. Connections are drawn between definitions of aversive racism and statistical approaches to research into the relationship between race and risk, paying particular attention to the influence of both non‐racial discrimination and industrial location factors. Federal judicial and executive remedies to aversive racism are examined in light of the standards of evidence presented. An empirical study of the connection between race and exposure to toxic releases is then presented for Census block groups in Georgia and Ohio. It was found that the significance of race depends on the breadth of the explanatory model used in the analysis. A model of overall exposure to toxic releases shows that race is significant in a narrow model of discrimination but not in a broader model including industrial location factors. However, a model of targeting of minorities in the recent location of toxics‐emitting facilities fails to show discrimination in any of the regression analyses. These findings support the view that environmental justice concerns cannot be addressed through reform of siting processes; broader remedies involving more stringent protection of exposure to toxic emissions are more likely to be effect

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviews in This Article:LessonsFrom anOpticalIllusion. OnNature andNurture, Knowledge andValues. by Edward M. Hundert.EnforcementAtTheEpa: HighStakes andHardChoices. by Joel A. Mintz.TheRoad toLoveCanal: ManagingIndustrialWasteBeforeEPA. By Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner.LewisMumfordAndTheEcologicalRegion: ThePoliticsOfPlanning. Mark Luccarelh.CitiesWithoutSuburbsby David Rusk. (Second Edition.)ImmigrationAndItsImpactUponAmericanCities. By Stephen C. Loveless, Clifford P. McCue, Raymond B. Surette, and Dorothy Norris‐Tirrell.FromCombinesToComputers: RuralServices andDevelopmentInTheAge ofInformationTechnology. By Amy K. Glasmeier and Marie Howland.Cities andNaturalProcess. By Michael Houg

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY