摘要:

ABSTRACTUrban growth rates are documented for the largest United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas for the periods 1965–70 and 1975–80. The spatial pattern associated with these growth rates tends to reinforce the sunbelt‐frostbelt dichotomy, as the majority of cities with positive migration rates for both time periods are located outside of the heavily industrialized Northeast and Midwest regions of the country. Two and three‐group discriminant analyses indicate that manufacturing activity, local tax rates, and spending on education, are particularly important discriminators between growing and declining cities. A simultaneous‐equations framework is used to formally model the interrelationships between migration rates for SMSA's and other variables, such as income, unemployment, taxes, public spending, and housing costs. Using two‐stage least squares analysis, the estimated coefficients, and their associated standard errors suggest that the net migration equation works better for the 1975‐80 data than for the previou

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effect of federal government grants on state fiscal decisions. The study presents a disaggregated analysis of state government that allows for the precise measurement of important fiscal effects. State government is modeled as maximizing a social welfare function defined over government expenditures and taxes. The positive theory of grant response is tested and confirmed. The results indicate that matching grants stimulate government expenditures more than nonmatching grants. The results also suggest that federal grant cutbacks will lead to reductions in state expenditures for all key programs but that the composition of this change will depend on the nature of the federal cutbacks.

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe Job Training Partnership Act of 1982 was developed to train the disadvantaged for work or better jobs. The Act that passed targeted the economically disadvantaged but stressed efficiency in the operation of the program. Program performance standards were established, and local Private Industry Councils (PICs) were developed to operate the program and to involve local business in JTPA training. Critics argued that this structure resulted in “creaming” of participants to the exclusion of the most disadvantaged workers. We test the “creaming” hypothesis using data on JTPA participants in Tennessee in 1987 and a sample of disadvantaged workers in Tennessee extracted from the Current Population Surveys. We find that racial and welfare targets are met but that the most able among those groups are chosen for help. We also find some evidence of “channeling.” The most disadvantaged groups are less likely to receive the most successful type of training — on‐the‐job training. Finally, we present alternative strategies to encourage PICs to do less “creaming,” and we make predictions about

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe rate of labor force participation in West Virginia is far below all other states. This study finds that little of the participation rate gap can be attributed to traditional economic or institutional factors. For example, the high long‐term unemployment rate in West Virginia accounts for less than 10 percent of the adult male participation gap. Most of the difference is associated with a large Appalachian population, and a high rate of federal disability benefits receipt. The latter, which we argue reflects tastes for nonmarket activities, also is a major factor in low participation rates of West Virginia adult females and teenagers. Unemployment does explain a significant portion of low participation rates for these groups. However, we estimate that a decline in the state's long‐term unemployment rate to the nation's average would raise its aggregate participation rate by 3.9 percentage points, or just 28 percent of the total gap. It appears that nonparticipating West Virginians are not just “discouraged workers,” and that economic development policies should explore ways to increase aggregate labor supply, as well as labor

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article provides a comparative analysis of factors influencing the out‐of‐state export decisions of establishments within selected groups of services‐producing and manufacturing industries. Data were gathered through a mail survey of establishments located in both rural and urban areas of five Midwestern states. The proportion of sales exported was specified as a function of establishment and location characteristics and estimated using Tobit analysis. Results of the study indicate that both establishment and location characteristics are important predictors of the export decision and confirm that establishments in some services‐producing industries are able to enter and compete in out‐of‐state export markets. Similar factors were found to influence the export decisions of services‐producing and manufacturing establishments. Results suggest that services‐producing establishments in the group of industries may not be footloose with respect to loc

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLocation Quotients are used to estimate economic base multipliers for two‐digit Standard Industrial Classification employment data at the county level for the state of Florida. Changes in multipliers are contrasted to changes in county employment profiles and demographic trends for the period 1982 to 1987. Counties are then classified by employment and growth characteristics. A cross‐sectional econometric model is constructed to explain regional shifts in total employment. It is demonstrated that although the Florida economy is supported by a low level of employment activity in primary and secondary sectors (relative to the tertiary sector), these sectors tend to be very important in explaining variations in regional economic growth. The empirical findings suggest that the alleged service‐oriented economy of Florida is still reliant upon export‐oriented activity as the catalyst for employment ex

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:A Review Article on InternationalDebt Alvaro Cencini and Bernard SchmittTrading NeighborsHarold CrookellCrime in VictorianBritain Rob Sindall

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0017-4815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY