摘要:

AbstractA genetic analysis of the trait of neuroticism and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 3,810 pairs of adult MZ and DZ twins is reported. Differences between people in these measures can be explained simply by differences in their genes and in their individual environmental experiences. There is no evidence that environmental experiences that are shared by cotwins, such as common family environment or social influences, are important. There are differences between the sexes in gene action affecting neuroticism, and genetic effects become more pronounced with age in females. The lack of evidence for dominance variance affecting neuroticism contrasts well with the detection of considerable genetical nonadditivity for extraversion in the same sample and reinforces the view that these two traits are not only statistically, but also genetically, quite independent.An analysis of the causes of covariation between anxiety, depression, and neuroticism shows that additive gene effects are more important causes of covariation than environmental factors. Genetic variation in symptoms of anxiety and depression is largely dependent on the same factors as effect the neuroticism trait. However, there is also evidence for genetic variation specific to depression.

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a sibship of sizes, s(s − 1)/2 sib pairs can be formed, but these pairs are statistically dependent when s>2. This study examines how much independent information is obtained when all possible pairs are used to evaluate the sharing of genes identical by descent. A logarithmic measure of information, Σpilog2pi[Shannon, 1948], is used. The basic unit of information is the binomial “bit,” or the amount of information in the toss of a fair coin. It is shown that a single independent sib pair contains 1.5 bits. The complete sibship contains a total of 2s−3 + (1/2)s−1bits, or (2s−3 + (1/2)s−1)/1.5 pair‐equivalents of information. The information is reduced if all sib genotypes do not occur with e

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAge, sex‐adjusted, and transformed lipid and lipoprotein data on over 1,200 white North American sibships in the Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family Study were analyzed for possible major genes causing high or low levels of these traits. The sibships were stratified on the basis of parents' trait values, and within‐sibship variance in the high (or low) families was compared to that in the normal families via an F‐test. The null hypothesis of multifactorial transmission was strongly rejected for low LDL, low total cholesterol, and high HDL families. An analysis of spouse‐pair variance gave similar results. This may reflect the presence of dominant genes for hyperalpha‐ and hypobetalipoproteinemia. There was weaker evidence for single genes causing hyperbetalipoproteinemia. There was no evidence for major genes influencing triglyceride levels. Methodological issues with significant bearing on these results and those of other studies are

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Second Genetic Analysis Workshop was held October 30, 1983, at the American Society of Human Genetics meetings in Norfolk, Virginia. Ten groups of investigators analyzed three sets of pedigrees generated by computer simulation. A summary of the workshop is presented.In this overall description by the workshop organizers, the rationale for the choice of problems and the characteristics of the three data sets are discussed, and the ten analyses are briefly summarized and compared. Following this general summary are brief descriptions of the analyses of each group of workshop participants, in alphabetical order by senior author.

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData simulated for Genetic Analysis Workshop II were analyzed using PAP. Segregation analysis showed a simple recessive mode of inheritance for data set 2 while no conclusions could be made about the mode of inheritance for data set 3. Pairwise linkage analysis suggested three linkage groups, but three‐locus analysis did not provide strong evidence for the gene order within these groups. For three of the four three‐locus comparisons performed, three‐locus analysis suggested the simulated order. In only one case did the pairwise analysis suggest the simulated order, indicating the necessity for multi‐locus analysis for gen

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenetic Analysis Workshop II Problems 2 and 3 were analyzed using the segregation analysis program POINTER and the linkage analysis program LIPED. Results of the segregation analyses were acceptable with respect to both parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Results of the linkage analyses were also good. Although it was noted that the linkage and population association data were sometimes compatible with more than one hypothesis, the correct relationships among the trait and marker loci were generally among those found compatible with the data.

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSegregation and linkage analyses were performed on Problem 2 simulated data. Segregation analysis showed evidence for a nearly recessive major susceptibility locus with parameter estimates close to the simulation input values. Linkage analyses between this susceptibility locus (X) and the ten marker loci (A to J) led us to propose the following map: X‐G‐

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor each marker locus and for every pair of sibs with data available in the 1983 workshop data, the proportion of genes identical by descent was estimated. The mean proportions were compared between concordant and discordant sib pairs, and the mean proportion for concordantly affected pairs was compared with one half. Together with standard tests of association, these were found to be sensitive screening tests for linkage.

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incorporation of a linkage disequilibrium parameter, Δ, into linkage analysis is illustrated for data from Genetic Analysis Workshop II. Points from a joint likelihood surface are calculated and displayed on a recombination fraction‐linkage disequilibrium grid using a simple modification of LIPED. The approach is shown to increase the power of linkage analysis and the power of tests for heterogeneity of linkage for the simulated exampl

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370010211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY