摘要:

AbstractCancer family history was quantified in 229 subjects (122 female, 107 male) screened for total serum cholesterol as seventh graders in 1972–1973 and repeated nine years later as young adults. Division of the subjects on the basis of cholesterol quintile resulted in significantly lower cancer family history scores in participants with persistently low total serum cholesterol levels and a significant excess of cancer mortality in parents and grandparents of young adult males with highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the upper quintile. A trend toward increased cancer in families of young adults who were smokers was independent of the cholesterol levels. It is suggested that such a quantification of family history score will be more useful than simply designating the family history as positive or negative in future modeling schemes for predicting ris

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHeight, weight, and blood pressure measurements on identical and fraternal twins and their families were analyzed to assess the degree to which genetic effects may change with age. The blood pressure data were based on the total sample of 1,767 individuals, while height and weight were available on 1,640 individuals in 204 monozygotic twin kinships. The results of testing alternative hypotheses about developmental changes in gene expression indicate that different mechanisms may be operative for these traits. While there was no evidence that developmental effects are a significant source of the observed variation in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, there was strong evidence that genetically determined developmental changes are an important factor in the determination of body weight. Agerelated changes in weight appeared to be best explained by the cumulative developmental effects of a single set of genes, rather than by the expression of new genes at different stages of development.

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBone mass may be so reduced in some individuals as to be characterized as osteoporotic, with resulting fracture, particularly of the proximal femur, vertebrae, or wrist. We identified 34 mother‐daughter sets (n = 70) and 29 sibling sets (n = 59) from a community study of bone mass correlates to assess the degree of resemblance in bone mass within and between generations. We hypothesized that if between‐ and within‐generation correlations of bone mass in first‐degree relatives were of sufficient magnitude, then an important genetic influence in osteoporosis might be considered. Bone mass was measured at the distal radius using a single‐beam photon absorptiometer. Height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid‐arm circumference were also measured, and the latter two measurements used to compute humeral muscle area. We identified a significant resemblance in height among the sibling sets. We found no consistent evidence for significant resemblance of bone mass among women when considering mother‐daughter sets or

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenetic and cultural determinants of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C, HDL‐C), and HDL‐C/TC were estimated utilizing a path model in a random sample of nearly 4,000 families examined in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic. The analyses were done separately in each of the ethnic groups categorized according to the parents' country of birth (Europe, Asia, North Africa, and Israel/mixed origin) in order to identify the nature and sources of any heterogeneity among the the groups. Both genetic (h2) and cultural (c2) components of inheritance were significant for all lipid variables in each of the ethnic groups. Under the most parsimonious model, estimates of h2in the ethnic groups were .40–.55, .40–.51, .45–.50, .41–.48, and .42–.78 for TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, HDL‐C/TC, and TG, respectively. The c2ranged from 3% to 5% for TC and LDL‐C and from 4% to 10% for HDL‐C, HDL‐C/TC, and TG. The major parameters of the path model were generally homogeneous across the origin groups. The h2appeared to be higher in the Asian and c2was slightly greater in the European group. The stronger sibling environmental effect in the Asia group, the somewhat lower transmission of environment in the North African group, and the lower correlation between spouse environments in the North African group were the major sources of the origin heterogeneity. Within this population, genetic factors appear to be the major determinants of lipid variations, suggesting relative homogeneity of the distribution of environmenta

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHearing troubles were found to be very frequent among inhabitants of French origin in a small Caribbean island. Segregation analysis of hearing loss was performed in 165 complete nuclear families and revealed that familial aggregation could be entirely explained by a single recessive gene with high frequency (0.40). Homozygous individuals for this gene would probably be more susceptible to ototoxic agents than other individuals. High frequency of this gene may be due to a founder effect.

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenealogies for the Mexican‐American city of Laredo, Texas, have been assembled by computer from individual civil and church records of birth, marriage, and death. Documentation is available on vital events in the lives of over 300,000 individuals, about 80% of the city population from 1870–1981. These data were collected to determine the degree to which death from cancer is more clustered in families than would be expected by chance alone; methods specific to this data base have been developed to accomplish this task. A statistically significant excess of familial cancer was observed overall when all cancer sites were pooled, but no evidence was observed for excess familial risk at single sites except for breast cancer and perhaps for ovarian cancer. The excess of breast cancer risk is comparable to that observed in other populations. A few site‐combinations manifest excess familial risk, most notably those involving and dominated by breast cancer and certain digestive system sites. We do not confirm the degree of familiality observed elsewhere for cancers of the lung, colorectum, stomach, or other sites in this generally low‐risk population. Even where we find evidence of excess risk, the degree of excess is small and the number of multiply affected families too small to test etiologic models by segregation analysis. The absence of excess familial risk does not appear to be due to inadequate numbers of cases, since breast cancer is familial with no more occurrences in Laredo than other sites. These results differ to some extent from those found in a similar study of Utah Mormons, but it is unclear whether this is because of differences in risk patterns or statistical properties of the analytic methods used in the two

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0741-0395    

DOI:10.1002/gepi.1370030201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY