摘要:

The effect of delivering in a birth chair on duration of second stage labor, perineal swelling, incidence of episiotomies, lacerations, hemorrhoids, and maternal blood loss was examined in a prospective quasi-experimental study. The sample consisted of 55 primiparous women, 37 to 41 weeks gestation, with normal pregnancy and labor; 22 delivered on a traditional delivery table (DT) and 33 in a birth chair (BC). Comparisons were made between groups for mean duration of second stage labor, mean time bearing down in the delivery room, mean maternal blood loss, frequency of instrument-assisted deliveries, frequency of episiotomies and lacerations, and frequency of perineal swelling and hemorrhoids. The two groups were statistically similar for weight of infant. No significant difference was found between groups for mean duration of second stage labor (BCM= 55 minutes, DTM= 43 minutes) or mean time bearing down (BCM= 60 minutes, DTM= 53 minutes). No difference was found in the amount of blood loss between the two groups as measured by the mean difference in the pre- and postdelivery hemoglobin (BCMchange = 1.4 Gms, DTMchange = 1.8 Gms). The lack of significant differences in blood loss may be due to the fact that the angle of the birth chair was lowered during or after delivery in 88% of the cases. The incidence of instrument-assisted deliveries (BC = 7, DT = 6), episiotomies (BC = 27, DT = 20), lacerations (BC = 17, DT = 5), and hemorrhoids (BC = 14, DT = 4) was similar between groups. The incidence of perineal swelling (BC = 26, DT = 10, p < .05) was statistically greater in the BC group. These findings suggest that the birth chair, as an alternate delivery method, is safe in terms of maternal outcome but does not shorten duration of second stage labor and may increase the incidence of perineal swelling.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A longitudinal study was carried out with 28 clinically depressed and 28 mentally healthy older adults, matched on age, sex, and years of education. Developmental resources and depression were measured on three occasions using the Developmental Resources of Later Adulthood and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scales. A 2 X (3) repeated measures factorial analysis of variance indicated that the depressed group had significantly lower developmental scores across all three time periods. Results of cross-lagged panel correlation analyses suggested that the direction of the relationship between developmental resources and depressive symptoms differed markedly between the two groups. The mentally healthy group showed a significant causal tendency for developmental resources to influence level of depression; a reverse trend was noted in the depressed group.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article examines the theoretical underpinnings and the procedures of the Derdiarian–Lewis (D–L) test of proportion of complete agreement to determine reliability among raters. The D–L test yielded data produced by three raters who rated an average of 253 units of verbal content for each of six patients. The test is supported as a stronger measure of interrater reliability than the conventionally used percent agreement method.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID