摘要:

What are we doing here, that is the question. In the immense confusion one thing alone is clear. We are waiting for Godot to come. the hours are long under these conditions and constrain us to beguile them with the proceedings which. may at first seem reasonable, until they become a habit (p. 52).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A clinical study was conducted to determine the extent to which sounds generated by air insufflations through feeding tubes could be used to predict where the tubes' ports ended in the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach or proximal small intestine), and to differentiate between gastric and respiratory placement. Sounds generated by a series of air insufflations through the tubes of 85 acutely-ill adult subjects were recorded. One hundred fifteen usable tape-recordings of sound sequences were obtained. The principal investigator later played the tapes for the research team members (who were also skilled clinicians) so that they could independently record their impressions of the sounds. (No identification of subjects or tube positions were given on the tapes; however, each site of auscultation was announced.) The results were collated and compared against the hypotheses and actual tube location (as determined by X-ray). Overall, the average percentage of correct classifications of each tape was 34.4%. Descriptive data were reported for three subjects with feeding tubes inadvertently positioned in the respiratory tract; air insufflations were clearly audible in 2 of the 3 cases. Clinicians should not rely on the auscultatory method to differentiate gastric from intestinal placement, nor gastric from respiratory placement of feeding tubes.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a Spanish language version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) is described. The 48-item instrument was translated into Spanish and found to be culturally relevant and reliable in a pilot study. The Spanish version was then administered to a diverse but predominantly Mexican-American group of 485 Hispanics residing in metropolitan and surrounding rural areas. In a principal components factor analysis, all but one item loaded significantly on six factors similar to those isolated previously during psychometric assessment of the English language version. Those six dimensions comprise the HPLP subscales of self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management. The six factors explained 45.9% of the variance in the measure. Second-order factor analysis yielded a single factor, interpreted as health-promoting lifestyle. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was .93 and 2-week test-retest reliability was .86; alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from .70 to .87.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Identification and description of tardive dyskinesia have been hampered by the absence of systematic studies assessing the psychometric properties of existing instruments. The purpose of this study was to establish construct validation of one of these instruments, the Dyskinesia Identification System—Coldwater. Cross-sectional prevalence assessment data of 519 institutionalized mentally retarded persons were used. The 34 items of this instrument were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. A six-factor orthogonal solution was selected. Multiple regression analyses supported the established relationships of demographic variables, such as age and sex, with the tardive dyskinesia scores generated by the instrument.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Efficacy of a nursing intervention to control amphotericin B-induced, febrile shivering was tested in 40 hospitalized adult patients with cancer. Extremity wraps were used to modify the rate of heat loss from skin to prevent shivering stimulus. Duration of shivering and amount of meperidine required for shivering suppression were compared between treatment and control gorups. Total shivering duration was shorter in the treatment group than in the control, p < .005. Less meperidine was administered to the treatment group than to controls but differences were not statistically significant. The fact that nurses differ in their propensity to use a narcotic to treat shivering may make use of meperidine a poor measure of the intervention's efficacy. Shivering was found to significantly affect myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) among subjects who shivered. MVO2, as reflected in the rate pressure product, was found to be significantly higher during shivering (p < .0001) than at pre- or postshivering periods.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between direct intraarterial blood pressure readings and indirect auscultated blood pressure readings by using different listening pieces and auscultation sites. The two listening pieces used for correlation and comparison were the bell and the diaphragm of the stethoscope. The two sites for auscultation were the antecubital fossa and the upper arm immediately superior to the internal medial condyle and medial to the biceps tendon. Simultaneous direct and indirect blood pressure readings were obtained from 50 critical care patients with indwelling radial arterial lines. The averages for three blood pressure readings obtained from each site and for each listening piece were correlated and compared with the averages of three simultaneous direct blood pressure readings. Statistical testing was done separately for systolic and diastolic readings. Auscultation techniques using both listening pieces and sites were found to be accurate, r > .8 for all correlations; p < .0001 for all comparisons, but auscultation using the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the brachial artery in the upper arm provided the most accurate readings.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sptces were selected for study that were believed to exhibit properties related to the sweetness commonly found in foods and beverages. Seventy healthy, normal-weight adults first smelled and then tasted 10 spices. Subjects responded to two questionnaires, judging similarity of the spices and indicating the sensory attributes important in their decision making. Intensity of odor, compatibility with sweetness, and degree of bitter taste were three major attributes used to arrive at similarity judgments. Overall, vanilla was found to be most similar to sugar. When examined further for compatibility with sweetness, cinnamon, vanilla, spearmint, and anise were generally found to be more comparable to sugar than nutmeg, ginger, cloves, bay, and salt. Nonwhite subjects, as opposed to white subjects, attributed greater sweetness to nutmeg and less sweetness to anise. The data suggest that certain spices exhibit sweet properties and may provide a healthful strategy for reducing sugar intake.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to test a path model depicting the relationships among social support, functional disability, perceived uncertainty, and psychosocial adaptation in 38 men and 80 women with multiple sclerosis, a chronic, unpredictable disease. Results from the regression analyses indicated that 35% of the variance in depression and 33% of the variance in purpose-in-life, respectively, were explained by age, sex, social status, and the perceived supportiveness and unsupportiveness of social network interactions. The path analyses showed that the perceived supportiveness of interactions was directly related to purpose-in-life but not to depression; both the direct path between the perceived unsupportiveness of interactions and adaptation and the indirect one through perceived uncertainty were related to depression and to purpose-in-life; and functional disability had a direct effect on adaptation, but the indirect path through perceived uncertainty was not corroborated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID