ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy, focused visual imagery group therapy, and education-discussion groups on cognition, depression, hopelessness, and dissatisfaction with life were studied among depressed nursing home residents. Seventy-six depressed subjects with mild to moderate cognitive decline participated in nurse-led 24-week protocols. Data were collected 4 weeks before the interventions, 8 and 20 weeks after treatment initiation, and 4 weeks after treatment termination. There were no significant changes in depression, hopelessness, or life satisfaction scores for any of the three conditions. Participants in the cognitive-behavioral and focused visual imagery groups showed a significant improvement beginning 8 weeks after treatment initiation on cognitive scores. These findings are encouraging indications that cognitive-behavioral and focused visual imagery group therapies may reduce cognitive impairment in depressed nursing home residents with mild to moderate cognitive decline.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this project was to develop an instrument to measure use of safe sex practices among adolescents and to conduct initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Safe Sex Behavior Questionnaire (SSBQ) was designed to measure the frequency of use of safe sex practices and was assessed for content validity, reliability, and construct validity through a series of tests. The content validity index computed for the SSBQ was 98%. Initial reliability computed for sums of items of the total scale was .82 among 89 college freshmen. Using a second sample of 531 subjects, the SSBQ was factor-analyzed separately for males and females and five similar factors emerged for each gender. Reliability coefficients for sums of salient items for each factor ranged from .52 to .85. Using a third sample of 174 subjects, construct validity was assessed by correlating the SSBQ with measures of general assertiveness and general risk-taking. The resulting correlations were appreciable and in the predicted directions, thus providing support for the construct validity of the instrument.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To test the effectiveness of a special health caw program for adolescent mothers (17 years old or younger) and their infants, 243 mother-infant pairs were randomly assigned to one of two groups. All of the mothers were unwed, on Medicaid, and black. The control group received routine well-baby care. The experimental group received routine care and services that included rigorous follow-up, discussions with the mother about her plans for return to school and use of family planning methods, and extra health teaching. The dropout rate in the experimental group (60%) was significantly less after 18 months than the control group (82%). In spite of the high dropout rate, 91% of the mothers were located for the 18 month follow-up interview. The repeat pregnancy rate in the experimental group was 12% after 18 months, and 28% in the control group. There was no significant difference in the percentage returning to school. After 12 months, the infants in the experimental group were more likely to be fully immunized (33%) than the infants in the control group (18%). Mothers in the special care program who continued to attend clinic used the emergency room less than the mothers who continued to attend in the control group. These results suggest that a comprehensive health care program is one way to bring about better outcomes for both adolescent mothers and their infants.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The career attainments of graduates of doctoral programs in nursing during two academic career stages after the doctorate were examined. Educational associations and work experiences were the most important determinants of postdoctoral career attainments. The quality of the doctoral program attended and predoctoral work experiences significantly influenced initial institutional quality, which in turn influenced current institutional quality. The current institutional quality, then, had direct effects on current attainments in the areas of professorial rank, publication productivity, and income. Graduate school quality was the most important factor in first institutional quality, as it tracked faculty into certain strata of the higher educational hierarchy. Consistent with the academic stratification system in higher education, those in high quality programs attained lower professorial ranks but higher publication productivity and higher recognition than those who gained employment in unranked schools.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preventability of infant mortality in a rural southern county was examined with a Delphi technique using case summaries of infant deaths during a selected four-year period. The first two rounds were aimed at developing a consensus of panelists' opinions about problems leading to the high infant mortality rate in the study area. From these opinions, an Infant Mortality Preventability Decision Tree and a Problem List was developed. Panelists used these in Rounds III and IV to evaluate the case summaries. There were significant differences in the preventability ratings between physicians and nurses, indicating the importance of assessing individuals' philosophies of preventability when working with an interdisciplinary team of health care providers.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of maternal employment to division of parental infant caregiving and whether infant characteristics predicted maternal and paternal caregiving during the first year. Subjects were 351 families with healthy infants from normal pregnancies. Measures included a newborn and 1-month Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment, Child Care Activities Scale at 1, 6, and 12 months, Bates Infant Characteristics Questionnaire at 6 and 12 months, and selected demographics. Mothers provided the majority of infant care though fathers' proportion increased with employment of mothers. Controlling for demographics, infant characteristics were infrequent predictors of maternal caregiving and predicted a small amount of paternal caregiving variance.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to assess whether the influences of affect, utility, norm, and habit on intention to seek care promptly for a breast cancer symptom were conditional upon race. Ninety-six participants (68% Caucasian and 32% African American) in community settings completed measures of psychosocial, demographic, and clinical variables, and intention to seek care promptly for a breast lump. Controlling for education, financial coverage for health care, and family history of breast disease, the interactions of both utility and norm with race significantly explained intention. The positive influence of utility on intention was stronger among Caucasians than African Americans, but significant among both groups. The positive influence of social norm on intention was significant for Caucasians, but not for African Americans.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a taped relaxation message in reducing dyspnea and anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Twenty-six adult COPD patients with dyspnea were randomly assigned to two groups. The treatment group was taught relaxation using a prerecorded tape while the control group was instructed to sit quietly. Skin temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded for all subjects during a total of four weekly sessions. Anxiety, dyspnea, and airway obstruction were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The relaxation group achieved the preset relaxation criteria. Dyspnea, anxiety, and airway obstruction were induced in the relaxation group while the control group remained the same or became worse.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID