ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare psychologic and physiologic variables during intense dyspnea to those at times of no or low dyspnea in people with asthma. Thirty-six adults ranging from 19 to 76 years old were tested when they first came to the emergency department in acute dyspnea and again when they had no or low dyspnea just prior to discharge. Clinical signs found to be higher during high dyspnea than low dyspnea were respiratory rate, pulse, wheezing, and accessory muscle use. Peak expiratory flow rates and oxygen saturation were significantly lower, while anxiety, depression, somatization, and hostility were higher during times of high dyspnea. The panic/fear, fatigue, dyspnea, hyperventilation/hypocapnia, congestion, and rapid breathing subscales of the Asthma Symptom Checklist were also higher during high dyspnea compared to low dyspnea.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived well-being of persons who are smokers, nonsmokers, or are quitting smoking. The sample included 74 nonsmokers, 74 smokers, and 92 self-defined quitters. Subjects' well-being was examined controlling for the effects of daily hassles and selected demographic differences. Measures of well-being included general health, morale, physical, and psychological symptoms. Scores for intensity of daily hassles were significantly higher, and well-being scores lower, for persons quitting smoking compared to smokers and nonsmokers. Further, even after controlling for the effects of daily hassles on well-being, persons quitting smoking had significantly lower levels of well-being than did smokers or nonsmokers.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate three subcutaneous injection sites for low-dose heparin therapy (5,000 units). One hundred and one subjects were randomly placed in one of three groups. Group A received injections in the abdomen, Group B, in the thigh, and Group C in the arm. Each subject received three injections at the one site. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was measured prior to initiation of heparin and again four hours after the first injection. Bruising was measured at 48, 60, and 72 hours postinjection. There were no statistically significant differences among groups for either changes in APTT or bruising at 60 and 72 hours postinjection. Thus the clinical practice of utilizing the abdomen as the only or preferred site for subcutaneous heparin injections was not supported.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty family caregivers of child, adult, and elderly psychiatric patients were interviewed to determine their unique and common support needs. Content analysis of interview data was used to identify support categories and their properties. Support needs expressed by caregivers paralleled the general types of support described in the social support literature (emotional, feedback, informational, and instrumental); however, for many categories under each general type the specific meaning of the support was directly linked to the psychiatric caregiving role. Most of the differences in support needs among caregivers from the three age groups reflected the caregivers' stage of life and the length of time they had been caregiving. The group of caregivers of adult patients reported having the least support. Although many support needs were expressed, the needed support did not exist.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purposes of the study were to identify psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms among low-income, single mothers and to investigate the effects of maternal psychosocial factors, depressive symptoms, and parenting attitudes on children's behavior. In-home interviews were conducted with 225 mothers to obtain data on their everyday stressors, coping strategies, social resources, depressive symptoms, and parenting attitudes, as well as reports of their children's behavior. High depressive symptoms occurred among 59.6% of the women. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with greater everyday stressors, fewer social resources, and greater use of avoidance coping. Neither social resources nor coping strategies buffered the relationship between everyday stressors and depressive symptoms. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted parenting attitudes. Parenting attitudes, in turn, predicted child behavior. These findings suggest that depressive symptoms are indirectly associated with mothers' reports of child behavior through their influence on parenting attitudes.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH) as a measure of components of Type A behavior in school-age children. The sample consisted of 216 middle-class, white, 6 to 11 year old, same-sex twin children. Pairs were randomly split into two subgroups for cross-validation. The MYTH was completed by 88% of the children's teachers. The Perceived Competence Scale was completed by 118 of the 124 children 8 to 11 years old; a parallel form of this instrument was completed by teachers of 108 of these children. The 17 items of the MYTH instrument were factor analyzed. Two factors, Impatience-Aggression and Competitive Achievement-Striving, were derived and cross-validated. These MYTH factors were internally consistent and replicated previous studies of school-age children. The construct validity of the MYTH subscales was partially supported by evidence of relationships between these components of Type A behavior and teacher-ratings of the child's competence in specific domains. Children's ratings of their competence and perceptions of global self-worth were not related to total MYTH scores or subscale scores.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study tested hypotheses regarding attitudinal and normative influences on intentions to use condoms, a practice that would reduce women's risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection. Participants were 103 sexually active unmarried black women undergraduates at an inner-city commuter university, in an area with a high rate of reported AIDS cases among women. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action, multiple regression analysis on women's anonymous responses to a mailed survey revealed that those who registered more favorable attitudes toward condoms and those who perceived subjective norms more supportive of condom use reported firmer intentions to use condoms in the next three months. Key behavioral beliefs related to attitudes centered on the adverse effects of condom use on sexual enjoyment. Key normative influences were respondents' sexual partners and mothers. However, women's own attitudes were a stronger determinant of intentions to use condoms than were their perceptions of normative influences, particularly among women with above-average AIDS knowledge. The results suggest that the theory of reasoned action provides a potentially useful conceptual framework for interventions to change a key AIDS risk behavior among women.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to replicate a test of the mediating functions of mastery and coping and to determine whether the relationships found in the initial test of the model would hold with a sample more heterogenous than the original sample. One hundred women receiving treatment for gynecological cancer participated in the investigation. Of the 14 relationships in the model, only 5 replicated significant paths and had overlapping confidence intervals. Two moderators were proposed to explain the differences between the initial and replication tests of the model and to improve the specificity of the theory.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID