ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study, which represents another look at the relationship between the HOME Inventory and income, uses data from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), a multisite, longitudinal study of low-birth-weight preterm infants. Two versions of the HOME Inventory were used: The Infant/Toddler (IT-HOME), at 12 months of age, and the Early Childhood (EC-HOME), at 36 months of age. Predictor variables were income, ethnicity, maternal education, parity, gestational age, marital status, maternal age, and site. HOME scores were positively correlated with income. However, after controlling for the other variables in the models, the portion of the variance in HOME scores uniquely explained by income was quite low (IT-HOME, 5.1%; EC-HOME, 4.2%). Finally, the relationship between HOME scores and four child characteristics (cognitive development, growth, maladaptive behavior, and social competence) measured when the child was 36 months old were investigated using correlation. The results indicated that the quality of the home environment, as measured by the HOME Inventory, is related to children's development.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire in a clinical population. The questionnaire, designed to measure coping behaviors in a community-residing well population, contained eight empirically constructed factors. Confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL was used to validate this original eight-factor model with 655 community-residing adults with multiple sclerosis or a spinal cord injury. The hypothesized model was not a good fit to the data. Subsequent analyses, using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures, identified three different coping factors: Cognitive Reframing, Emotional Respite, and Direct Assistance. These factors appeared to have greater applicability to people with chronic conditions. The kinds of coping behaviors used to manage stressful situations by individuals who are well may be quite different from those used by community-residing populations with long-term chronic conditions.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hardiness is a construct with widespread appeal to nurse researchers. Of 97 papers reviewed, 35 were written by nurses. Because of its popularity, there is a pressing need to analyze hardiness carefully. This critical analysis of hardines describes Kobasa's work as the foundation of hardiness research, provides a review of hardiness in the nursing literature, and recommends future hardiness research.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A sample of 880 feeding tube aspirates were classified as being primarily clear or cloudy and as having one of six colors. Gastric aspirates were most frequently cloudy and green, tan or off-white, or bloody or brown. Intestinal fluids were primarily clear and yellow to bile-colored. In the absence of blood, pleural fluid was usually pale yellow and serous, and tracheobronchial secretions were usually tan or off-white mucus. However, respiratory aspirates often contained blood and therefore failed to have the expected characteristics of respiratory fluid. Staff nurses were shown photographs of a sample of 106 aspirates and asked to predict tube position. Their ability to identify 50 gastric aspirates improved significantly after reading a list of suggested characteristics of feeding tube aspirates (81.33% to 90.47%, p < .0001). Similarly, their ability to identify 50 intestinal aspirates improved from 64.07% to 71.53% after reading the list of criteria. However, nurses were often unable to identify respiratory aspirates; the accuracy of their predictions decreased after reading the list of suggested characteristics (from 56.67% to 46.11%). The appearance of aspirates is often helpful in distinguishing between gastric and intestinal placement, but is of little value in ruling out respiratory placement.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which hopefulness mediates the relationship between perceived social support and general well-being in midadolescents. The sample consisted of 99 high school students, aged 15 to 17, all of whom completed the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ85-Part II), a social support measure, the Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents, and the Adolescent General Well-Being Questionnaire in classroom settings. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between perceived social support and general well-being, perceived social support and hopefulness, and hopefulness and general well-being. Hopefulness was a potent mediator in the relationship between perceived social support and general well-being in midadolescents.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The development of pathologic apnea, respiratory pauses, and periodic respiration was examined in 71 high-risk preterm infants, observed weekly. Respiration was recorded every 10 seconds; apnea length and periodic respiration were scored from a tape. All subjects had respiratory pauses, and 36 had pathologic apnea. The mean length of respiratory pauses was longer in quiet sleep, and the frequency of respiratory pauses was greater in active sleep. The mean length of respiratory pauses and probability of pathologic apnea in both sleep states and frequency of pauses in quiet sleep decreased with age. Sex, theophylline treatment, race, and length of mechanical ventilation affected the developmental trajectories of some apean variables. Apnea in preterm infants cannot be considered a unitary phenomenon.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. Using a case-control method, 140 women with and without stress urinary incontinence were recruited from three private physician practices and interviewed by telephone. The final sample included 94 cases and 46 controls, with a mean age of 51.5 and 54.3 years, respectively. Having any vaginal birth versus having only cesarean sections was associated with a substantial increase in risk for stress urinary incontinence. Episiotomy or tear during delivery was associated with a 3.78-fold increase in risk, but high parity (four or greater) was not a strong predictor. Having a mother with stress urinary incontinence was associated with a substantial increase in risk. Statistically significant associations were also found for multiple urinary tract infections.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the Iowa Model of Research in Practice, a heuristic model used at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics for infusing research into practice to improve the quality of care. The components of the model are presented with examples. The impact of the model on patient, staff, and fiscal outcomes is delineated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID