ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to gather information about the characteristics of the very low birth weight baby. Twenty-six infants were involved in the study. Their mean gestational age was 29 weeks; mean birthweight was 1,170 grams. At the time of the study, the chronological age when corrected for prematurity was 7.9 months. During a home visit, the Denver Developmental Screening Test, the Infant Temperament Questionnaire, and the Home Observation Measurement Evaluation Inventory were completed. Pearson product moment correlation, chi square, and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Of the infants, 42 percent were at risk for developmental delays when assessed at the corrected gestational age. The infants were significantly more difficult as measured by the Infant Temperament Questionnaire. There was a moderate relationship between difficultness and childrearing environments. The findings of this study suggested that very low birth weight infants have an increased risk for developmental delays and are apt to have difficult behavioral styles. There was a negative relationship between infants with difficult behavioral styles and maternal involvement and re-sponsivity.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The problem was to determine the effect of skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant during the first hour following delivery on later maternal attachment behavior and self concept. Twenty primiparous women were randomly assigned skin-to-skin contact with their infant during the first hour after birth. There were no significant differences in 36-hour or three-month attachment behaviors or in prenatal or three month self-concept scores. For most mothers, first time motherhood appeared to have a positive effect on their self-concepts.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perception of parents' support, punishment, control, and encouragement of autonomy and general fearfulness in ten- to eleven-year-old girls. Subjects included 68 girls in the fifth and sixth grades. The Cornell Parent Behavior Description Questionnaire was used as a measure of the girls' perception of their parents' support, punishment, control, and autonomy-granting. Geer's Fear Survey Schedule II-Modified was used as a measure of the girls' general fearfulness. A low significant positive correlation (r = 0.225) between the girls' perception of their parents' punishment and the girls' general fearfulness was observed. Also observed were: a low significant negative correlation (r = –0.201) between the girls' perception of their parents' encouragement of autonomy and the girls' general fearfulness and, contrary to expectation, a slight negative correlation (r = –0.173) between the girls' perception of their parents' support and the girl's general fearfulness. A slight negative correlation (r = –0.109) appeared between the girls' perception of their parents' control and the girls' general fearfulness. An auxiliary finding was that the girls perceived their mothers as more supportive, punitive, and controlling than their fathers. Upper middle-class parents were viewed by their daughters as less punitive and more autonomy-granting than lower middle-class parents.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The concept of organizational climate is important for the study and understanding of work organizations. Researchers have not yet studied the organizational climate of hospital intensive care units, so it is not clear that the dimensions useful in description of other work settings will be appropriate for conceptualizing neonatal intensive care units (NICU's). This study investigated nurse perceptions of the organizational climate of NICU's in a sample of 18 hospitals. The Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire was modified for use in the NICU setting. A set of homogeneous climate scales was developed from the revised instrument. The six scales of the resulting instrument, the Nursing Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire, Form B (NOCDQ-B), demonstrated median internal-consistency reliability of .69 on cross-validation. Analysis of variance indicated that each of the six NOCDQ-B dimensions served to differentiate the NICU's in the study. Further, significant relationships were found at the unit mean level between three of the six NOCDQ-B scales and nurse satisfaction, as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence of the interaction between psychological factors and blood pressure is reviewed with a focus on stressful events and mental health. While the hypertensive personality remains an elusive and perhaps fictional entity, and indices of psychological distress, psychopathology, or poor adjustment do not correlate highly with blood pressure or hypertension, environment stressors such as the threat of unemployment and job pressures adversely affect blood pressure and mental health across groups of individuals. Recent studies suggest that the diagnosis of hypertension may elicit clinically significant psychological distress and anxiety. Adverse reactions to antihypertensive medication may interact with and exacerbate pre-existing distress. Implications for nurses dealing with hypertensive patients are discussed.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the course and duration of the crisis inherent in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in women. Three groups of female patients, breast cancer, gynecological cancer, and breast biopsy patients, were compared on the variables of depression and body image. The women were assessed prior to surgery and at one- and two-month intervals in order to determine whether their crises had been resolved within the normal six-month framework. An additional follow-up was made after 20 months to evaluate any long-term effects of the diagnosis of cancer or its treatment. Results of the study revealed that only breast biopsy and mastectomy patients adapted appropriately and were able to resolve their crises. In examining the gynecological cancer patients, initial feelings of depression and body image continued to worsen even at 20 months following surgery. Implications for nursing practice are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The helper therapy principle, which underscores the benefits from helping another person, has been relatively unexplored in the self-help movement. This study examined whether persons enrolled in the United Ostomy Association, a self-help group for ostomates, who functioned in a helping role as visitors demonstrated a greater level of acceptance of their ostomy than those persons enrolled in the same group who have not served in the visitor role. Results indicated that visitors' acceptance of their own ostomies was significantly higher than non-visitors'. The length of time since visitors and nonvisitors had their first ostomy surgery was not a significant factor in the person's acceptance of ostomy. There was a significant relationship between the person's level of acceptance of ostomy and the length of time the individual had served in the visitor role. Serving in the visitor role contributed significantly to predicting a higher level of acceptance of the ostomy. The length of time since surgery was a significant predictor to serving in the visitor role. Factors of age, sex, type of ostomy, and length of time since surgery did not contribute significantly to predicting a higher level of acceptance of the ostomy.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The types and severity of stressors and methods of coping with stress were assessed for 35 patients on hemodialysis. Coping was measured with a tested scale and stress was evaluated with a scale developed for the study. Test-retest reliability of the stressor scale was satisfactory (rs= .71).Results indicated that stressors experienced by the hemodialysis patient can be measured with an objective tool; psychosocial stressors have an impact equal to that of physiological stressors. Fluid restriction was ranked as the highest psychosocial stressor and the top physiological stressors were muscle cramps and fatigue. Patients on dialysis for one to three years indicated the greatest amount of stress. Patients used problem-oriented coping methods significantly more than affective-oriented methods (t [34] = 7.06), p>.001). Optimism and controlling the situation were the two most common coping methods, and putting the problem out of one's mind and blaming someone else were the least important coping tools.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID