ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the development and initial psychometric evaluation of an instrument to measure health-promoting life-style. Based on responses from 952 adults in midwestern communities, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile was evaluated using item analysis, factor analysis, and reliability measures. Factor analysis isolated six dimensions: Self-Actualization, Health Responsibility, Exercise, Nutrition, Interpersonal Support, and Stress Management. These six factors accounted for 47.1% of the variance in the 48-item measure. Second-order factor analysis yielded a single factor, interpreted as Health-Promoting Lifestyle. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale is.922; alpha coefficients for the subscales range from .702 to .904. Further evaluation of the measure with different populations appears warranted. This instrument will enable researchers to investigate patterns and determinants of health-promoting life-style, as well as the effects of interventions to alter lifestyle.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and theoretically based scale to measure the degree of humanistic health care in hospital settings as perceived by nursing personnel. Howard's (1975) theoretical model of dimensions pertinent to the domain of humanistic care was used to structure the scale. The dimensions are irreplaceability, holistic selves, freedom of action, status equality, shared decision making and responsibility, empathy, and positive affect. A 163-item scale reflective of Howard's dimensions was developed and distributed to 316 nursing personnel employed in four hospitals which included public, private, community, and university-affiliated health care facilities. Rigorous application of reliability and validity indexes yielded a final scale of 70 items measuring four dimensions: shared decision making and responsibility, holistic selves, status equality, and empathy. The Scale of Humanistic Nursing Behaviors can be used both as a diagnostic aid and as an instructional device.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The prevalence of causal search was examined in two samples, one of chronically ill patients, the other of acutely ill patients. In contrast to the assumption that causal search occurs in important or unexpected life events, the results indicated that such a search was reported by only about half of 296 long-term diabetic, hypertensive, and arthritic patients and 83 newly diagnosed myocardial infarction patients. Moreover, in both samples, affect and expectancies for the future were better for those who had not engaged in causal search. Further research to examine the questions used to elicit causal responses and to test the assumption that causal thinking takes place is suggested.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was conducted to determine the stability of conclusions derived from analyses of different ways of scoring coping responses in relation to the adjustment of subjects who had survived a burn injury. As part of a larger study of adjustment to burn injury, 260 adults who had sustained a burn injury over a 12-year period consented to complete the Billings and Moos Coping Responses Scale (CRS; Moos, Cronkite, Billings, & Finney, 1984) and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS; Deragotis & Lopez, 1983). A clinician made a global assessment of each subject's adjustment. Three ways of scoring the CRS were used for analyses: (a) Method and Foci of coping (Indices of Coping Responses), as suggested by Moos et al. (1984), (b) new factor analysis, and (c) separate responses. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of each of these with three different outcomes of adjustment (PAIS, global clinical judgment scores, and the PAIS psychological distress component) gave consistent results. The more adjusted burn survivors used more problem-solving coping responses and fewer avoidance responses. The two responses in the individual multiple regression analysis gave a higher correlation than the factor or index descriptors. These two responses correlated well with all three adjustment outcomes, r = .49, .37, and .47. The relationship between coping behavior and adjustment to illness was not sensitive to the different ways of scoring the CRS.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A causal model based on Lazarus' (1966) cognitively oriented theory of psychological stress and coping was tested in a functionally disabled population to determine the effects of social support variables, threat appraisal, and coping responses on coping effectiveness. Social support variables (perceived availability of social support, perceived effectiveness of social support, and personal constraints to the use of social support) were hypothesized to effect coping responses both directly and through the variable of threat appraisal. Coping responses (use of social support, cognitive reappraisal, emotion-focused coping, and problem-focused coping) were hypothesized to directly effect coping effectiveness and to mediate the effect of all other variables. Data from 50 functionally disabled, wheelchair-bound individuals discharged within 3 years from two rehabilitation facilities were analyzed using path analysis. The model fit the data and accounted for 61% of the variance in coping effectiveness. Findings indicated that perceived availability of social support, but not the use of social support, was significantly and positively related to coping effectiveness through the mediating variables of problem- and emotion-focused coping. In contrast to the relationship of marital status to coping effectiveness usually found in the literature, non-married subjects coped more effectively and perceived less threat.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study purpose was to identify discriminant predictors of blood pressure control and adjustment to chronic illness in 450 hypertensive patients. Hypertension control was determined by physician judgment, and adjustment was assessed by Derogatis' (1977) Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. Potential predictors of the outcome variables were measured by structured interview, formal instruments, and chart review. Well-controlled hypertensive patients had better health adjustment scores, reported more illness-related job problems and less illness-related sexual problems, were more satisfied with health care, knew what to do about medication side effects, were on medications longer, and had lower blood pressure readings on chart review. Well-adjusted hypertensive patients had fewer hypertension-related problems; had their blood pressure under control; were less likely to eat, smoke, or use drugs to handle tension; had no recent weight gain; knew what to do about medication side effects and that there is no cure for hypertension; were less pessimistic and less likely to worry; rated their stress level lower and their quality of life higher; felt that their health was under their own control; tried to problem solve when coping with stress; were on hypertensive medications a shorter time and on fewer medications overall; did not like to be alone when feeling stressed; and ate fewer high sodium foods.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The growth and change in the quality of doctoral education from 1979 to 1984 was assessed using a repeated-measures design. Data were analyzed from 14 nursing doctoral programs that participated in both a 1979 and a 1984 study using Educational Testing Service Graduate Program Self-Assessment questionnaires. Findings suggest that doctoral programs experienced a significant growth and maintained a quality environment. Faculty demonstrated an increased commitment to scholarly activities as evidenced by an increase in publications, presentations, and perceptions of time spent on such projects. Students admitted in 1984 had higher entrance grade point averages than students admitted in 1979; more pursued their graduate education on a part-time basis. The evidence documents a growing scholarly maturity in nursing doctoral programs.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Factors related to women's practice of breast self-examination (BSE) were studied in a sample of upper-middle-class women attending meetings of voluntary women's groups. Factors found to relate directly to frequency of BSE practice were high perceived benefits of BSE, low perceived barriers to BSE, and high self-concept. Correlations with perceived susceptibility/seriousness of breast cancer, age, perceived level of social support, and social network properties were not significant. A multiple regression analysis was done with BSE frequency as criterion variable; perceived threat (susceptibility/seriousness) and perceived benefits minus perceived barriers were entered hierarchically; age, self-concept, and total social support were entered as a group. Perceived benefits minus barriers was the only significant predictor variable, R2= .27. These findings underline the importance of assessing detective behaviors such as BSE as potentially different from preventive behaviors.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID