ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Investigators have focused primarily on the bereavement experiences of widows and parents of deceased infants. In this study, subjects were 69 bereaved close family members and friends of deceased disaster victims and 50 control subjects. Six variables, not examined before, were entered in a series of hierarchical step-wise regression equations to determine their ability to predict health outcomes. The six variables were gender, age, concurrent life stress, perception of the prior relationship between the bereaved and deceased as central or peripheral, perception of catastrophic death as preventable or unpreventable, and perception of social support. The three health outcomes were depression, somatization, and physical health status. Results indicated that the six selected variables accounted for 48% of the variance in predicting depression, 39% in predicting somatization, and 35% in predicting physical health status in the bereaved group. Concurrent negative life stress was the most important single predictor in all three health outcomes in both groups of subjects.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare the emotional symptoms and physical health of parents whose children had died suddenly in an accident, parents whose children had died following a chronic disease, and nonbereaved parents. Data for this retrospective survey were collected by mailed questionnaires: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL), Bereavement Health Assessment Scale, Review of Life Experiences Scale, and a personal-situation questionnaire. Subjects were 30 bereaved parents who had experienced the death of a child following a chronic disease; 31 bereaved parents whose children died in an accident; and 81 nonbereaved parents. Findings indicated significant differences between the bereaved groups and the control group on the total scale score of the HSCL and on the subscales measuring Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, Obsession-Compulsion, and Interpersonal Sensitivity. However, there were no differences on these variables between the two bereaved groups. Bereaved parents with higher concurrent life stresses and parents from a lower socioeconomic background were at higher risk for emotional symptomatology. There were no significant differences among the three groups on the number of physician/nurse visits, number of hospital admissions, number of new or recurrent illnesses, or drug usage. Bereaved parents, however, more frequently reported appetite and sleep problems.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Weiner et al. attribution model has generated a great deal of research on attributions for success and failure in academic achievement situations. Studies of success and failure attributions in real-life situations of high personal concern are limited. If the attribution model is to lead to a general theory of motivation, such tests in real-life situations are critical. In this study, causal attributions for success and failure outcomes of chronically ill patients were examined. Results indicated at least partial support for the model. Patients tended to attribute success internally and failure externally, but stability and expectations were not linked in this sample. Moreover, a tendency to respond with no cause to an open-ended measure and to hold little commitment to any causes on a closed-ended measure was characteristic of failure subjects.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of delivering in a birth chair on duration of second stage labor, fetal outcome, and maternal blood loss was examined in a retrospective study. The sample consisted of 60 primiparous women, 37 to 41 weeks gestation with a normal pregnancy and labor, 30 delivering on a traditional delivery table and 30 delivering in a birth chair. Comparisons were made between groups for mean duration of second stage labor, mean Apgar scores at one and five minutes, and mean maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit values during the pre- and postpartum periods. No significant difference was found between delivery table and birth chair groups for mean duration of second stage labor (birth chair, X = 60 minutes versus delivery table, X = 43 minutes, t = 1.66, p = .10). Mean Apgar scores at one and five minutes were nearly identical. Statistically significant differences existed between groups in mean maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Both the mean hemoglobin and the mean hematocrit upon admission were significantly higher in the birth chair group (p < .027). However, postpartally the birth chair group had significantly lower mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values (p < .025). These findings suggest that the birth chair, as an alternate delivery method, is safe in terms of fetal outcome but presents no advantage to the mother in terms of shorter second stage labor. Further investigation of maternal blood loss is recommended to rule out possible untoward effects.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty primigravid fathers and mothers responded to an investigator-developed tool that measured social network characteristics and perceived social support during the third trimester of pregnancy. At six weeks postpartum, these same parents completed the Postpartum Self-evaluation Questionnaire (PSQ) (Lederman, Weingarten, & Lederman, 1981). Relationships among network factors, perceived support, and postpartum outcomes were documented for four of the seven PSQ scales. A greater percentage of relatives in the network and more overlap with the spouse's network were important factors associated with positive postpartum outcomes for men, but not for women. Emotional and instrumental support were important variables in explaining six-week postpartum outcomes, whereas information and appraisal support were not significant variables at this time. Men scored lower than women on the PSQ scale measuring confidence in ability to cope with the tasks of parenting.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Women who have had their first child often receive help from persons comprising their support network. Although this help is well-intentioned, studies show that it may be associated with conflict between the new mother and others within the support network. Identification of factors influencing support network conflict is important so that nursing interventions can be implemented to reduce or avoid conflict. This article explores the topic of support network conflict and proposes a theoretical model of factors influencing support network conflict.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Attrition is a problem in exercise programs. This may be due to the existence of stages in the process of acquiring new exercise behaviors. The Stages of Concern for Exercise (SOCE) scale was adapted from an educational innovations tool to examine exercise behavior. Content validity was established using a panel of judges. Alpha reliability coefficients calculated for the seven subscales or stages of concern were: .50 (Indifference), .78 (Informational), .77 (Personal), .82 (Management), .77 (Consequences), .81 (Collaboration), .65 (Refocusing). Two hundred fourteen subjects were recruited during the screening phase of a comprehensive work site health program. Relationships between scores on the SOCE and self-reports of minutes of exercise, history of exercise, enrollment in an exercise program, and ratings of expertise at exercise provide tentative validity.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID