ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this research was to develop and test an instrument to measure mastery of stress. Mastery is defined as a human response to difficult or stressful circumstances in which a person gains competence, control, and dominion over the experience of stress. The instrument consists of four 15-item scales: Certainty, Change, Acceptance, and Growth.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This pilot study was designed to describe heart rate variability (HRV), anxiety, anger, denial, and depression during the first 4 days and 6 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The sample was composed of 21 post-AMI males aged 40 to 83. State anxiety was elevated early. At 6 months it had significantly decreased. The nonpower measure of HRV, the Kleiger global standard deviation, was decreased to a mean score of 86 (SD = 29) msec during AMI and was 117 (SD = 30) msec at 6 months. Although there were no significant correlations between HRV, psychological response, age, and education, there were moderate correlations between HRV and state anger (r = .33), denial (r = .35), and education (r = .45). HRV, as measured by the power spectral density function of an autoregressive model, demonstrated an increased peak across the band of frequency associated with the high-frequency components of the parasympathetic system and a decreased peak across the band associated with the low-frequency components of the sympathetic system at 6 months as compared to the AMI period.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and to examine the ability to predict alcohol use among rural sixth- and seventh-grade children. The sample consisted of 625 children from six schools in small Montana towns. Self-administered questionnaires contained measures of sociodemographic characteristics, self-concept, school attitudes, beliefs about the effects of alcohol, and alcohol use. Fifty-eight percent of the children reported using alcohol. Children's beliefs about alcohol were significantly correlated with alcohol use. Logistic regression analysis failed to identify a model having adequate sensitivity and specificity for classifying sixth- and seventh-grade students as “users” and “nonusers” based on variables assessed in Grades 3 and 4. Nevertheless, holding other variables constant, children who displayed both negative self-concept and negative school attitudes in Grades 3 and 4 were most likely to use alcohol in Grades 6 and 7.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Activity is a phenomenon of concern to nursing. Although a wide variety of instruments have been used to measure activity, researchers have confronted barriers to its measurement in reliable, valid, and practical ways. Technological advances have stimulated theoretical and empirical developments in the study of activity by improving the physical instrumentation. This article presents an overview of methods used to measure human activity, with an emphasis on technological advances and the methods relevant to nursing. Self-report, behavioral observation, and mechanical and electronic activity measures are reviewed and critiqued.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of fatigue, examine the association between fatigue and doctor visits, and identify correlates of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On average, a high degree of fatigue was reported to occur every day, to remain constant during the course of a week, and to most often affect walking and household chores. When controlling for disease severity and insurance coverage, respondents who reported more fatigue made more visits to the rheumatologist than those reporting less fatigue. A regression model with fatigue as the dependent variable revealed that the following variables explained a significant amount of variance: pain rating, functional status, sleep quality, female gender, comorbid conditions, and duration of disease.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the development of nutritive sucking patterns and physiologic correlates in very-low-birth-weight infants. Fifty infants with a mean gestational age of 29.5 weeks (SD = 1.8 weeks) and mean birth weight of 1466 g (SD = 322 g) generated 106 sucking records. The mean number of sucks and maximum pressure increased with increasing postconceptual age. The time required per burst decreased between 32 weeks and 36 weeks. The mean time between sucks also decreased. The mean heart rates for the three 5-minute periods ranged from 158.56 to 177.97 bpm. Mean oxygen saturation ranged from 94.36% to 97.15%. Mean systolic pressure ranged from 69.82 mm Hg to 76.85 mm Hg; mean diastolic pressure from 43.63 mm Hg to 45.33 mmHg. Sucking parameter measurements can be used to distinguish an infant who is maturing and organizing appropriately for postconceptual age.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The incidence and pattern of jaundice in 155 normal, full-term, breast-fed, white infants was examined. Infants were screened for jaundice on Days 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 following birth using transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB). By Day 3, 49.7% of the infants were classified as jaundiced (> 10 mg/dl). Infants with low TcB indices on Days 2, 3, and 5 never developed jaundice as indicated by elevated TcB indices on Days 7, 9, 11, and 13. Hence, it may be possible to target infants at risk for severe jaundice prior to discharge. The observed rate of 10.3% for breast-milk jaundice (jaundice present at Day 13) is significantly higher than the highest reported rate of 2.4% (z = 6.43, p < .01). Furthermore, the pattern of jaundice in these infants does not appear to have two peaks, indicating that it is not possible to distinguish between exaggerated physiologic jaundice and breast-milk jaundice using TcB.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate the effectiveness of “nap therapy” for improving alertness and reducing the frequency of sleep attacks, 16 narcoleptic subjects were studied before, during, and after a 1-month program of three regularly scheduled naps. The frequency and timing of sleep attacks, naps, and nocturnal sleep periods were recorded daily in sleep logs for 5 weeks. The severity of five common symptoms of narcolepsy and daytime alertness were assessed before and after the 1-month treatment period. Medications and usual nocturnal sleep habits were not changed during the study period. Mean sleep latency was increased significantly after 1 month of nap therapy. However, there were no significant changes in the frequency of sleep attacks or in the severity of other symptoms. Those subjects who reported more severe symptoms and who had taken more naps daily before the study period received the most benefit from the treatment.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID