ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether potassium chloride as an additive is distributed homogeneously throughout small volume parenteral solutions and whether the pattern of electrolyte distribution is identical for two types of delivery systems. The effect of purposeful mixing after addition of potassium chloride was also studied. Thirty-one registered nurses prepared two supplementary intravenous solutions consisting of 10mEq potassium chloride in 50ml of 5% dextrose solution. One solution was prepared in a soft polyvinyl chloride minibag (Viaflex®, Baxter-Travenol), the other in a semirigid plastic burette (Buretrol®, Baxter-Travenol). The solutions were discharged through a volumetric pump (IMED®) and four aliquots were taken at regular intervals. Samples were chemically analyzed by flame photometry to determine the potassium concentration in each solution layer of the container. For each container type, there were significant differences in the potassium concentrations among the layers of solution. The pattern of distribution also differed significantly between the two containers. The strata in the minibag showed smaller variations in potassium concentration than did corresponding layers in the burette. Some single sample concentrations from burettes exceeded the expected concentration of 200mEq/L by 105mEq. Nurses manipulated the two types of containers differently. Thirty of 31 minibags were mechanically mixed, but only 11 of 31 burettes were treated in this way. When the effect of mixing was considered, solutions in mixed containers were essentially no different from those not agitated after addition of the electrolyte.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between body fat percentage and menstrual patterns was examined in a longitudinal study of 25 collegiate athletes and 41 college-aged nonathletic control subjects. The athletes were training in gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming, volleyball, or track. Data were collected each month concerning cycle, flow length, weight, and skinfold thicknesses (iliac crest, triceps, and subscapular). Height was determined once. Body fat percentage was estimated using the Sloan and Weir (1970) nomogram. Total energy expenditure was estimated for athletes according to sport. Mean body fat percentages of controls and athletes differed significantly,t= 4.4,p< .01, but no significant difference was found in cycle length,F= 3.3,p= .078. Multiple regression analysis revealed no clear relationship between length of menstrual cycle and height, weight, skinfold thickness, or total energy expenditure. No significant relationship existed between body fat percentage and menstrual cycle length as tested with the Pearson correlation coefficient. This study confirmed that menstrual phenomena cannot be defined as normal or pathologic by rhythmic occurrence alone. Rather, an individual's menstrual cycle length may be more suitably evaluated according to a multivariable continuum of menstrual patterns.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships among perceived social support, self-esteem, and positive health practices among adults living in a southwestern metropolitan area. The sample (N= 98) of convenience was selected from an adult apartment complex and the variables were measured using three self-report questionnaires (Personal Resource Questionnaire, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and Personal Life-style Activities Questionnaire). Initially, a positive association among the variables, self-esteem, social support, and life-style, was determined using a simple correlation matrix. To further explicate the relationships among the variables, a theoretical causal model was developed and tested. Using path analytic techniques, both the direct and the indirect effects of various independent variables on life-style were determined; 28% of the variance,p< .0001, was accounted for by this model. The study suggests that both self-esteem and social support are positive indicators of life-style. Further, social support was found to exert influence indirectly through its direct effect on self-esteem.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three models are proposed to predict the effect of antepartum stress on the family. These models consider external and internal family environments and individual characteristics as they influence an individual family member's health status, dyadic relationships within the family, and the family's functioning as a unit. Research to date validates the complex interrelationships between antepartum stress, social support, self-esteem, sense of mastery, anxiety, depression, and their effect on health status, dyadic relationships, and family functioning. The theoretical models presented identify relationships between these important variables that can guide much-needed research on the effects of antepartum stress on the childbearing family.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to explore early psychophysiologic mother-infant interaction using the tenderness and anxiety theorems of Harry Stack Sullivan. Maternal anxiety and perception were assessed and related to changes in infant satiety, anxiety, and feeding behavior. Sixty-five healthy post-partum, bottle-feeding mothers completed the Blank Infant Tenderness Scale and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Blood samples were obtained from the infants just before and 60 minutes after feeding for determination of glucose and cortisol. Formula consumption was also noted. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that maternal state–trait anxiety was related to infant glucose, cortisol, and formula consumption. In particular, mild maternal prefeed state anxiety was associated with lower infant cortisol difference scores, and extremely low maternal prefeed state anxiety was associated with higher infant cortisol difference scores. Mild maternal feed state anxiety, in turn, was associated with greater infant formula consumption, and extremely low maternal feed state anxiety was associated with lower formula consumption. Pearson correlations indicated a significant direct relationship between infant prefeed cortisol and postfeed glucose, but not between infant formula consumption and postfeed glucose.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Relationships among subjective and behavioral components of maternal role attainment were investigated separately for 64 primiparous and 60 multiparous mothers. The influence of contextual variables on maternal behavior was also examined. Subjects were medically low risk with normal infants. Attitudes toward themselves and their infants and feelings of self-confidence were measured at 1 to 2 days and 4 to 6 weeks after delivery. At 4 to 6 weeks mothers were also videotaped performing an infant feeding at home. Tapes were rated for maternal sensitivity and responsivity. For primiparas, self-confidence was related to maternal feeding behavior as were maternal age, education, and socioeconomic class. For multiparas, only initial attitude toward self was related to maternal behavior; however, maternal age and infant size were contextual factors related to behavior. Distinctions proposed among subjective and behavioral components are in part supported by the findings of the study.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Six 3-hour observations of adult attention to infants in a newborn nursery were conducted to describe the amount and type of attention received by the infants and to determine if individual differences among infants were related to this attention. Most infants spent the majority of the observation time between feedings in the nursery and received attention from an adult in the nursery an average of 5.5% of the time. More infant crying was associated with longer adult attention, although this effect was largely attributable to a small group of particularly irritable infants in which circumcised males were overrepresented. A number of infant characteristics, including age, sex, race, physical attractiveness, degree of prematurity, crying, and eye opening, were associated with the content of the interaction between nurses' aides and newborns. These observations are discussed with respect to hospital practices concerning care of newborns and the potential effects on newborns of rooming-in with their mothers.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID