ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables, arterial blood gases (ABG), and blood volume (BV) were measured in 30 hypervolemic, normovolemic, and hypovolemic critically ill adults receiving physiologic levels of positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP). The measurements were taken while patients remained on the ventilator and during brief discontinuance of mechanical ventilation. The purposes of the study were to determine whether BV status could affect PAP and to quantify the effect of temporary discontinuance of ventilation on ABG. No differences were seen in PAP, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery, oxygen extraction, or oxygen consumption regardless of ventilator or BV status. Arterial oxygen tension dropped significantly, p < .001, in less than 1 minute off ventilation and the decrease persisted for 1 hour after mechanical ventilation was resumed. These results suggest that recording PAP off the ventilator should be abandoned, as this technique contributes little to increased validity of PAP and may result in persistent hypoxemia.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three methods of temperature monitoring were studied in 55 adult hypothermic postcardiac surgery patients using the pulmonary artery, rectum, and urinary bladder as measurement sites. Pulmonary artery temperature served as the standard for core body temperature. Measurements in the rectum were recorded with a disposable plastic temperature probe and in the urinary bladder with a thermistor-tipped Foley catheter. Patients were studied within one hour of admission to the cardiac surgical intensive care unit and on an hourly basis until they reached normothermia (37 °C). Although mean temperatures did not vary greatly for any group, there was a significant difference between measures over time. Correlations of pulmonary artery and urinary bladder temperatures ranged from .78 to .94, pulmonary artery and rectal temperature from .49 to .82, and urinary bladder and rectal temperature from .46 to .85. The results of this study indicate that the urinary bladder is a reliable indicator of core temperature during rewarming following cardiac surgery.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Magnitude estimation, a psychophysic method, allows examination of variables associated with the respiratory sensation of loaded breaths. The subject's perceptual sensitivity can be quantified by magnitude-scaling exponents which describe the rate of growth of the dyspnea sensation associated with increases in the magnitude of the stimulus. Measurement of the perception of dyspnea by magnitude estimation can complement other measurements of variables that contribute to this complex sensation. Use of magnitude estimation techniques can enhance the study of similar clinical problems such as pain and fatigue.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of fetal movement, ultrasound scans, and amniocentesis on maternal-fetal attachment and perception of fetal development in normal pregnancy were examined in 91 women during the second trimester. Women who reported feeling fetal movement early in pregnancy had higher maternal-fetal attachment scores and higher perception of fetal development scores. Ultrasound scans had no effect on either variable. Women who had genetic amniocentesis had lower attachment scores before the procedure, but one month later the attachment scores were not significantly different from those of other women. Both maternal-fetal attachment and perceptions of fetal development increased significantly from 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. There was a small but significant correlation between attachment scores and perception of fetal development.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Rectal, axillary, and inguinal temperatures were compared in 120 full-term infants aged 12 to 48 hours. Thermometers were placed in randomized sequential order and temperatures were recorded every 30 seconds until the reading remained constant for 90 seconds (stabilization). At least 95% of subjects reached temperature stabilization at all sites by 5 1/2 minutes. Mean difference between axillary and inguinal readings was 0.6 °F; between rectal and inguinal readings, 0.8 °F; and between rectal and axillary 0.2 °F. Although the greatest difference between mean temperature readings was found between the rectal and inguinal sites (0.8 °F), this pair of readings also had the highest correlation. This finding indicates that inguinal site temperatures are more reflective of rectal temperatures and may be less sensitive to effects of brown adipose tissue heat generation.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study supports the position that causal models developed a priori preclude replication with varied samples. Based on a critique of study of positive health practices among adults (Muhlenkamp & Sayles, 1986), a causal model of positive health practices for adolescents was developed a priori from a theoretical formulation. Using data from a sample of 165 adolescents who responded to the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Part 2 of the Personal Resource Questionnaire which measures a social support system, and a demographic data sheet, the intercorrelations among the study variables were analyzed using correlation coefficients. The causal model was then tested with the adolescent data using the LISREL VI program. The results showed a relatively good fit of the model to the data via a number of indicators. The model was then applied to data published from adults (Muhlenkamp & Sayles) using the LISREL VI program. The results indicated that there was a relatively poor fit of the model to the adult data, thus demonstrating the problem of replicating causal models with varied samples when the correct approach to causal modeling is used. The discussion focuses on theoretical and methodological reasons for the findings.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The constant comparative method was used to generate a grounded theory explicating the process of family caregiving for a relative with Alzheimer's dementia. Findings from 20 in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted with a purposive sample of family caregivers in their homes revealed that much of the caregiving experience consists of coping with negative choices wherein all possible alternatives are undesirable. The three stages of Surviving on the Brink, (1) Taking it on, (2) Going through it, and (3) Turning it over, capture the variation in behavior, Continued validation of this process of coping and decision making offers promise for substantive theory development on which nursing intervention programs for easing caregiver burdens might be based.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID