ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study postulated that the culture of a group influences the labels that group places on behavior. In the case of problematic behaviors, culture influences whether the behaviors are labeled mental illness. Three groups of randomly selected respondents representing two cultural groups were interviewed to compare the labels placed on problematic behavior. One group represented the Appalachian culture (N=50). Two groups represented the predominant American culture: mental health professionals (N=54) and a lay group of non-Appalachians (N=50). Each respondent was interviewed personally, using a structured questionnaire consisting of vignettes that described various problematic behaviors. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference between cultural groups in the labeling of problematic behaviors. Data were analyzed by a oneway analysis of variance, and a qualitative analysis was done. Findings supported the hypothesis. No significant differences were found between the mental health professionals and the lay group of non-Appalachians; however, there was a significant difference between each of these groups and the Appalachians. Behaviors that were labeled as mental illness by the mental health professionals and the lay non-Appalachians were labeled as lazy, mean, immoral, criminal, or psychic by the Appalachians. Kinds of management recommended for these behaviors by the two cultural groups differed. Whereas mental health professionals and lay non-Appalachians recommended some type of psychiatric management, Appalachians recommended punishment by either the social group or the legal system, or they recommended that the behaviors be tolerated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a study that investigated the relationship between patterns of acknowledgment in parent-child communication and the child's exploratory behavior and self-differentiation, subjects included 77 healthy preschool children between the ages of 3 years, 3 months and 4 years, 9 months and their mothers. Data on parent-child communication were collected in the home setting during a 30-minute observation in which mothers and children were engaged in a series of semi-structured play activities. Maternal responses to their children's assertions were coded as nonevaluative recognition, positive recognition, negative recognition, direction, or nonrecognition. A score on parent-child communication was the ratio of parental nonevaluative recognition and positive recognition combined to parental negative recognition, direction, and nonrecognition combined. Testing of the children on exploratory behavior and self-differentiation was done on an individual basis in their respective nursery schools. A low positive correlation (t = .237, p <.05) between parent-child communication and children's self-differentiation was observed. Contrary to expectation, a slight negative correlation (r = -.101, p>.05) between parent-child communication and children's exploratory behavior was observed. Auxiliary analyses of the data, taking into consideration the child's sex, revealed that the negative relationship between parent-child-communication and children's exploratory behavior was characteristic of the mother-daughter dyads only (r = -.325, p = .08). A correlation of .078 (p>.05 was obtained for mother-son communication with boys' exploratory behavior.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The validity of oral temperature measurements depends on use of an appropriate site, a dependable thermometer, and a proper technique. Fifty febrile patients and 50 afebrile volunteers were studied to determine differences in oral temperature measured in three sublingual sites with three brands of electronic thermometers and with mercury thermometers and to learn whether two methods of probe insertion (slow-slide and direct-placement) with electronic thermometers would result in differences in either the temperature reading obtained or the instrument response time. When measured with the rapidly responding electronic thermometers, temperatures in the right and left posterior sublingual pockets were significantly higher (p<.01) than in the area under the front of the tongue. The difference was approximately .3° F in the afebrile subjects and approximately .4° F in those with fever. With mercury thermometers, however, the temperature differences were small and not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between temperatures measured in the two posterior pockets using either electronic or mercury thermometers. There was some individual variation in the values registered by electronic thermometers at each site, although the differences between the three sites were consistent with all three instruments. Actual temperature values differed between electronic and mercury thermometers. When electronic thermometer probes were inserted into a posterior pocket using a slow-slide technique, temperature readings were higher by approximately .1° F and were obtained a few seconds faster than when the probe was put directly in place without a prewarming procedure. These differences were statistically significant (p<-01) but of limited clinical importance. Findings emphasized the importance of using the posterior sublingual pocket as the site for oral temperature measurement and the value of using the same instrument to obtain repeated comparable measurements.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This descriptive study measured degree of concern of 45 healthy male adolescents aged 13 to 17 from three private physicians' offices when they were told that their complete physical examination might be conducted by a female examiner. Degree was measured on a 20-item Likert-type instrument on which areas of concern were categorized as body image, identity, independence, and relatedness. Concern scores were obtained in each of the four categories, and a total concern score was determined. Relationships between the independent variable, age of the participants, and the dependent variables, concerns (body image, identity, independence, relatedness, and total concerns), were determined by Pearson correlations. Relationships were additionally determined between a second independent variable, Tanner stage of physiological sexual development, and the dependent variables. Partial correlation was used to determine relationships between Tanner stage and concerns while holding age constant. As age increased, concerns decreased, and no significant relationship was found between Tanner stage and concerns. Age was such a contributing factor affecting concerns that when partialed out, no significant relationship between Tanner stage and concerns remained. Because female clinicians might expect to see more concern in younger adolescent males, research is required on how to reduce these concerns.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate whether special care unit nurses have characteristics different from nurses who work in nonintensive care settings and whether SCU nurses make more effective role transformations than non-SCU nurses, this posthoc descriptive study utilized data from 213 new graduate nurses in their first jobs in eight medical centers across the United States. The 213 nurses were a subsample of 307 new graduate nurses in a parent study that tested effect of a bicultural orientation program in role transformation. The nurses in the subsample worked in one of four nursing areas: medical-surgical, medical-surgical specialty, parent-child, and SCU. They were pretested at six weeks of employment regarding their: professional, bureaucratic, and service role conceptions; total role deprivation; professional, bureaucratic, and bicultural role behavior; self-esteem; and degree of self-actualization. SCU nurses had significantly higher self-actualization scores initially than medical-surgical nurses. Posttesting at nine months of employment included all of the above variables plus measures of empathy and change-agent activity. Performance ratings and resignations were examined at one year of employment. Analyses of variance of the difference scores and posttest-only scores showed no significant differences by type of unit except for self-actualization. To examine the relationship between the degree of specialization and the variables under study, units were rank ordered according to degree of specialization. Nurses working on units which required the most specialization had significantly higher increases in bicultural scores and self-esteem and trends toward higher increases in bureaucratic role conception and higher performance ratings. However, SCU nurses also had the most decrease in professional role conception scores, least increase in self-actualization scores, least amount of empathy with co-workers, and least amount of effective change-agent activity all undesirable occurrences.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing science, the base of knowledge underlying human behavior and social interaction, under normal and stressful conditions, across the life span, is distinguished from its inquiry (research). Inquiry and, especially, methodology have been afforded greater attention than science. The requirements for increased science are noted: communality, colleagueship, and competition among scientists and continuity and confirmation of scientific activity and evidence.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Work of the Western Council of Higher Education in Nursing, of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, is described. The regional research development project, the regional conferences, compilation of research instruments, and organization of an ethnic nurses' organization which grew out of WCHEN projects, are reviewed. Outcomes of research replication through patient teaching projects, the analysis and planning contract, and the utilization of psychiatric-mental health nursing research are also discussed.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The project. Nursing Research Development in the South, was designed to facilitate collaborative research in nursing education in the South. Funded by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare as a three-year project of the Southern Regional Education Board and the Council on Collegiate Education for Nursing, it began in 1977. In the first year, nursing educators and clinicians identified research problems and priorities. Nurse faculty were then invited to conduct studies examining problems in the chosen areas; 78 participated in 19 collaborative research groups.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID