ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of different coping patterns on the physical health, depression, and anxiety experienced by 60 spouse caregivers of persons with dementia were examined, using Lazarus and Folkman's cognitive model of stress and coping. In addition to coping, the model included the following predictors: severity of the patient's memory and behavior problems, caregiver's appraisal of the stressfulness of those problems, and caregiver's appraisal of their options for managing caregiving. The predictors did not explain a significant amount of the variance in caregivers' physical health, but they did explain 43% of the variance in both depression and anxiety. The only coping pattern that added to the explanations was Wishing-Emotive coping, which consisted of the coping subscales of escape-avoidance, confrontive coping, and accepting responsibility. Caregivers' appraisal of stress was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety, but neither the severity of the patients' problems nor caregivers' appraisal of options was a significant predictor of any of the health outcomes.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A sample of 42 low-income white women were interviewed to describe their beliefs about AIDS and its treatment and to determine whether these beliefs were related to the subjects' general framework of beliefs about illness and its treatment. Content analysis was used to classify data. The causes and treatment of AIDS were categorized as professional sector, popular sector, and traditional sector health care beliefs. Professional sector beliefs included the cause and major modes of transmission and prevention identified by the biomedical system and the public health service. Popular sector misconceptions included beliefs about casual transmission and immunizations. Traditional sector beliefs concerned causes as contamination and impurities and remedies such as herbs and diet. The respondents' explanations for the causes and treatment of AIDS in these three areas were integrated into a lay explanatory model of illness involving germs, resistance, and the immune system.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal employment status and the mother's degree of choice and satisfaction regarding her employment status on family functioning and on the preterm infant's development at three months chronologic age. Families with pretern infants (N= 110) were categorized as employed, nonemployed, and on leave of absence based on the mother's employment status at three months postpartum. There were no significant differences across employment groups on family functioning and child development. The infant's motor development was positively correlated with number of hours employed per week and degree of choice for the employed mother families, but negatively correlated with choice for the nonemployed mother families. These results suggest that maternal employment may not be detrimental for infants born prior to term. Indeed, it may be beneficial, especially if the mother has a choice in the matter.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty women of varying ethnicity and socioeconomic status, who were actively seeking to avoid pregnancy, were interviewed concerning their lifetime experience with contraceptive use. The resulting description, Women's Contraceptive Self-Care, was divided into four processes: the central process, Choosing and Using Contraception, and three contextual processes. Forestalling Pregnancy was defined as using contraceptive methods or behaviors to prevent or delay childbearing. Assigning the Burden of Contraceptive Responsibility was defined as assuming responsibility for contraception or shifting that responsibility to a partner. Negotiating with those who Control Contraception was defined as maneuvering among individuals and agencies that permit or hinder access to contraceptive methods and behaviors. Each process is comprised of thematic clusters and/or themes that are defined and illustrated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The wide variation in intravaginal pressure measurements of the circumvaginal muscles (CVM) was studied in five subjects under well-controlled conditions. Previous research and clinical observations have indicated that fluctuations in the measurement of intravaginal pressure may be associated with time of day, day of testing, and existing stress factors. Subjects were assessed four times per day, on four consecutive days, for a total of 16 assessments. At each of the 16 conditions for a given subject, 10 CVM contractions lasting 12 seconds each were recorded and the variables, maximum pressure (MP10), peak maximum pressure (PMP), and abdominal pressure were analyzed. The within-subject variance was 15.5 (SD = 3.9); the between-subject variance was 132.4 (SD = 11.5). The effects of day, time, and stressor were analyzed by ANOVA specifically designed for variance estimates; no significant differences were found. The clinical observations that led to the study were not supported when systematically investigated. However, consistent data collection procedures appeared to reduce within-subject variance.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data were collected from 29 individuals who were attempting to initiate and sustain programs of cardiac risk factor modification. Data were analyzed through the technique of constant comparative analysis. Empowering potential, the basic social process identified from the data, explained individual motivation to initiate and sustain cardiovascular health behavior. Empowering potential was a continuous process of individual growth and development which facilitated the emergence of new and positive health patterns. Within the process of empowering potential, individuals use a variety of strategies which guide the initiation and maintenance of health-related change. The process of empowering potential consists of three stages: appraising readiness, changing, and integrating change. Two categories occurred throughout the process of empowering potential: imaging and social support systems. These findings provide a better understanding of how motivated action is initiated and reinitiated over time.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The specific purpose of this investigation was to examine the newborn performance of colic and noncolic infants on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (BNBAS). The sample was composed of 119 firstborn infants from healthy, married, white couples. Data were collected prenatally, during the perinatal period, and postnatally from birth through four month of infant age. A total of 38 infants (32%) were believed to have colic. Colicky infants differed significantly from noncolicky infants on one of the seven item clusters, labeled the BNBAS Orientation cluster (p < .05).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID