ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Information available for nurses on counseling cardiac patients about the outcomes of bypass surgery has focused on the time following the first postoperative year. In order to assess earlier impact, two groups of bypass patients—alike in terms of preoperative physical activity, angina level, and type of revas-cularization—were compared in terms of quality of life and related areas. Seventeen patients were 3 to 5 months (88–141 days) postoperative and 17 patients were 6 to 8 months (161–222 days) postoperative. They were asked to rate themselves on Cantril's Self-Anchoring Scale in relation to past, present, and future life satisfaction. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that both groups of patients viewed their future life satisfaction to be better than their life satisfaction prior to open heart surgery. Furthermore, the patients 6 to 8 months postoperative viewed their present life satisfaction to be significantly better than their past (p <.05) Both groups reported a decrease in the level of angina and an increase in the level of physical activity after surgery (p <.001). They also reported greater satisfaction with family life (p <.05;, social life (p <.001), and sexual life (p <.01) following surgery. Overall, there were significant improvements in the quality of life early in the recovery period following surgery. Residual incisional pain may have contributed to any differences between groups.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing care of the severe closed head injured patient has two primary goals: (1) the prevention of secondary brain injury associated with intracranial hypertension, and (2) the prevention of complications associated with immobility. This study examined the effects of six body position changes, performed as part of routine nursing care interventions, on the cerebrovascular status of 18 severely head injured patients. These changes included turning and positioning in bed, head rotation, range of motion exercises, and raising and lowering of the head of the bed. All subjects had baseline mean intracranial pressures of ≤ 15 mm/Hg, and cerebral perfusion pressures of ≥ 50 mm/Hg. Over 200 observations of the effects of position changes on heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), mean intracranial pressure (MICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were recorded and analyzed. With the exception of the intervention raising the head of the bed, all position changes produced increases in HR, MABP, MICP, and CPP. Typically, the physiologic changes were transient and showed recovery toward baseline values in oneminute postintervention measurements. The results of this study suggest that passive position changes may be performed safely upon severe closed head injured patients with baseline MICPs ≤ 15 mm/Hg, provided CPPs are maintained above 50 mm/Hg throughout each position change and provided multiple fractures do not preclude these position changes.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the relationship between children's locus of control beliefs (as measured by the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale) and their preoperative coping behavior. Subjects were 51 children between the ages of 8 and 12 who were scheduled for minor elective surgery. They were interviewed and each child's mode of coping was classified along a dimension termed avoidant-active. The relationships between sex, socioeconomic status, other demographic variables, and the type of preoperative information given to the child by the parent and surgeon were also evaluated. Results showed that children rated as active copers had more internal locus of control scores than children rated as avoidant or as using a combination of avoidant-active coping modes. Children rated as active were given more detailed information about their medical problem and surgery than children rated as using avoidant or a combination of avoidant-active coping modes. Internal locus of control was significantly related to higher socioeconomic status but not to sex or other demographic variables. Regression analysis showed that parent-doctor information and locus of control were independently predictive of coping.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As reported in the literature and observed in clinical practice, a variety of tracheotomy care procedures (tracheotomy suctioning and cleaning techniques) are currently used. The purpose of this research was to determine if clean tracheotomy care was more effective than sterile as measured by levels of postoperative pulmonary infection. Ten hospitals with large Head and Neck/ENT services were selected as data collection sites. At these centers a minimum of 15 tracheostomy patient charts were reviewed pre- and postoperatively for clinical and laboratory data related to infection. Patient level of infection was defined using the Weighted Level of Pulmonary Infection Tool, which was constructed for this study. Three categories of aseptic type emerged (clean, sterile, and mixed) because existing tracheotomy care procedures did not fall into one of the two hypothesized types. Data were analyzed using a maximum likelihood approach to mixed model analysis of variance or covariance. The findings indicated significant differences among the three procedures with laboratory, but not clinical, data. Laboratory data supported practicing clean procedures as those associated with the least postoperative infection.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Re: Meta-Analysis

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Parental attitudes and adjustment to epilepsy were assessed for 50 parents of children aged 6 to 14 with epilepsy. Fishbein's Expectancy-Value Model of Attitude was used to assess parental attitudes. Parental adjustment was measured both by a self-report instrument and by an independent psychosocial assessment conducted by a psychiatric social worker. The major finding was a strong positive relationship (R =.67, p <.001) between parental attitude and adjustment for the mothers. The attitude-adjustment relationship was not significant for the fathers. In addition, parental attitudes and perception of seizure control accounted for 60% of the variance in the mothers' adjustment scores. Seizure control was significantly positively related (p <.05) to parental adjustment.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Leadership style has been defined as a two-factor construct composed of “consideration” and “initiating structure.” Research has suggested that these factors affect the behavior and attitude of subordinates. This study's purpose was to quantify the relationships of head nurse leadership style with self-reported staff nurse burnout and job satis faction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).Three instruments—the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tedium Scale, and the Leadership Opinion Questionnaire—were voluntarily completed by 283 registered nurses employed by 14 level-Ill NICUsin the United States.The leadership dimensions of consideration and structure were distinct (r=.10). Staff nurse satisfaction and burnout were related (r=,41). Head nurse consideration was clearly related to staff nurse satisfaction (r=.55) and to a lesser extent to burnout (r=.29). Initiating structure alone was not related to satisfaction or burnout.Aggregate perceptions of head nurse leadership were ranked across NICUsin order to classify the head nurses on consideration and structure. The 14 head nurses were separated into four groups:high consideration-high structure, high consideration-low structure, low consideration-high structure, and low consideration-low structure. Satisfaction and burnout of staff nurses in each of the leadership-style groups were then compared. Analysis of variance for satisfaction (F(3,279)=3.10, p=.03) and burnout (F(3,279)=3.90, p=.01) were both significant.For both satisfaction and burnout, the head nurse leadership classification of low consideration-high structure was most deviant. Although head nurse structure itself has no relationships with satisfaction and burnout, it has effects in combination with consideration.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID