ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A multivariate model proposed as explanatory and predictive of health-promoting lifestyles was evaluated in a sample of 589 employees enrolled in six employer-sponsored health-promotion programs. Perceived personal competence, definition of health, perceived health status, and perceived control of health accounted for 31% of the variance in health-promoting lifestyle patterns. Employees who reported more health-promoting lifestyles perceived themselves as competent in handling life situations, defined health as high-level wellness rather than merely the absence of illness, evaluated their health positively, and perceived their health as affected by significant others but not by chance or luck. Those who were female, older, and in the maintenance phase of the company fitness program also had healthier lifestyle patterns. These variables and the perception of health as internally controlled were predictive of health-promoting lifestyles three months later.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two-years postinfarction, the effect of a nursing intervention at 30 days postinfarction, and intentions, attitudes, and perceived beliefs of others on regimen compliance of myocardial infarction patients was investigated. The sample was comprised of 51 patients (E = 29, C = 22) who participated in a five-phase study over 2 years. No differences were found between experimental and control groups for regimen compliance to activity, stress, and medication prescriptions. The experimental group was significantly more compliant to the diet prescription than the control group. The control group was significantly more compliant than the experimental group with cessation from smoking. Perceived beliefs of others were predictive of compliance for all regimen prescriptions at 2 years. Attitude was also predictive of compliance with the diet, smoking, and stress regimens.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to develop, validate, and norm a measure of dimensions of interpersonal relationships that are salient to nursing: social support, reciprocity, and conflict. The selection of these concepts was guided by social exchange and equity theories. In the first phase of the study, 44 respondents were interviewed to provide narrative data from which to develop items so that items would be grounded in lived experience. Content validity of items was judged by a panel of 11 experts. The revised 39-item instrument was tested in successive steps with a total of 340 students, patients, and community residents for reliability and validity, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, factor analysis, and three forms of validity assessment (theory testing, contrasted groups, and multitrait-multimethod comparison). The three subscales of social support, reciprocity, and conflict demonstrated repeated internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Strong evidence of construct validity was demonstrated for the social support and the conflict subscales; validity of the reciprocity subscale was equivocal.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Schoolagers' Coping Strategies Inventory (SCSI) is a self-report instrument that measures the frequency and effectiveness of children's stress-coping strategies. The SCSI has adequate internal consistency for a new instrument (.79) and moderate test-retest reliability for a changeable construct (.73 to .82). Construct validity was supported by significantly lower coping scores among children with one or more stress-related conditions compared to asymptomatic controls. Factor analysis suggests the SCSI is a one-factor instrument. Low correlations between the SCSI and related but different constructs (stressors and self-esteem) measured by two different methods (self-report and observation) in a multitrait-multimethod matrix showed divergent validity. Convergent validity with the Coping Inventory was not demonstrated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three variables were experimentally manipulated through simulation in six case study vignettes: AIDS-related risk factors (gay v. IVDU), medical diagnosis (AIDS v. non-AIDS), and DNR orders (DNR order v. no DNR order). Following each vignette, the same 13-item, 6-point Likert-type Aggressiveness of Nursing Care Scale (ANCS) was used to measure nurses' attitudes toward aggressiveness of nursing care. Questionnaires were randomly assigned to 600 acute care nurses. Although AIDS-related risk factors were not found to influence ANCS scores, a non-AIDS medical diagnosis and DNR orders significantly reduced aggressiveness of nursing care attitudes. Study findings did not vary according to nurses' age, academic preparation, or previous practice experience with persons with AIDS or DNR orders.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this research was to identify variables related to life quality for persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and to ascertain if life quality differs according to the classifications of a positive serologic test for HIV antibodies (HIV+), AIDS-related complex (ARC), and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). A convenience sampling technique was used to obtain subjects from AIDS support groups and affiliated agencies in a major southwest urban area. Ninety-five HIV-infected subjects completed a demographic data sheet, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), and the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS). The majority of subjects (59%) listed AIDS as their category of diagnosis, 25% were HIV+ only and 16% identified ARC as their disease classification. Subjects had SIP and SDS scores which indicated HIV-infection significantly affected their quality of life. Multivariate results indicated that quality of life indicators varied as a function of HIV classification. HIV-infection had the greatest disruption in psychosocial aspects of life. The impact of HIV-infection (both physical and psychosocial) was greatest in subjects with ARC and least among subjects who were HIV+ only.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A causal model based on the transactional cognitive theory of psychological stress and coping was tested in a middle adolescent female population to determine the effects of daily stress, introspectiveness, and coping efforts on perceived health status. Daily stress was hypothesized to affect perceived health status both directly and through the mediating variables of introspectiveness and coping efforts. A sample of 159 female adolescents completed the Hassles Scale, the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised, the Introspectiveness Scale for Adolescents and the General Health Rating Index. The causal model was tested using the LISREL VI program. Findings indicated that the model fit the data, indicating a plausible representation of the relationships among the variables identified (x2= 15.76, df = 12, p < .203). Daily stress was significantly negatively related to perceived health status through the mediating variables of introspection and problem-focused coping but not emotion-focused coping. Introspectiveness had a significant direct effect on perceived health status. Problem-focused coping was found to have a direct positive effect on perceived health status.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A power analysis was performed on 62 articles that were published in Nursing Research and Research in Nursing and Health during 1989. The analysis revealed that when effects were small, the mean power of the statistical tests being performed to test research hypotheses was .26, indicating a very high risk of committing a Type II error. When effects were moderate, the mean power increased to .71, which is still below the conventionally acceptable power of .80. Only when a study involved large effects was the power adequate (mean of .95). Of the 583 power estimates calculated, 53% were for small effects. These analyses indicate that a substantial number of published nursing studies, and presumably even more of unpublished studies, have insufficient power to detect real effects, primarily because the samples used are too small.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID