ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A literature review regarding commonly recommended bedside measures to test nasogastric and nasointestinal feeding tube placement is presented in this article. Among the methods discussed are: aspiration of recognizable gastrointestinal contents, auscultation of insufflated air, measurement of pH of gastrointestinal secretions, and observing for coughing and choking, inability to speak, and the appearance of bubbles from the end of the tube when it is held under water. Fallibilities in these methods as well as discrepancies in recommendations for their implementation and interpretation are discussed along with implications for current practice and needed areas for research.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two alternate explanations of loneliness by Weiss (1973), the situational theory and the characterological theory, were tested in a sample of 112 boys and girls between the ages of 12 to 14. In addition to responding to the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, participants completed instruments measuring variables linked to either the situational or the characterological explanations of loneliness. Using hierarchical analysis of sets, the results indicated that the set of variables used to test the situational theory explained more variance in loneliness when entered first (62%) or second (34%) in the analysis than did the characterological set when entered first (33%) or second (5%) in the analysis. The findings suggested that the situational explanation played a more significant role than the characterological explanation in understanding loneliness in early adolescents.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to explore, using grounded theory, the process through which adolescents with cancer move to achieve hopefulness. The sample, 58 adolescent oncology patients, had varying diagnoses and were in different stages of treatment. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and review of health care records. A subset of 11 adolescents was interviewed to validate study findings. Four sequential concepts (cognitive discomfort, distraction, cognitive comfort, and personal competence) emerged to represent the process adolescents experience to achieve hopefulness. The overall organizing construct, induced from the four core concepts, was labeled self-sustaining and defined as a natural progression adolescents who are experiencing serious health threats move through to comfort themselves and to achieve competence in resolving health threats. Results indicated adolescents are able to initiate effective and preferred strategies to achieve hopefulness and competence in resolving health threats.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The heritability of Type A behavior and other cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in twin school-age children. The purpose was to differentiate those risk factors that have the potential to respond to environmental and life-style changes. The sample consisted of 71 monozygotic and 34 same-sex, dizygotic twin pairs 6 to 11 years old residing in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triceps skinfold thickness, body mass, and fasting blood specimens for lipid profiles were collected during home visits. Teachers rated the children's Type A behavior and two of its subcomponents, impatience-aggression and competitive achievement-striving, using the Matthews Youth Test for Health. Statistically significant heritability estimates were found for Type A behavior and its subcomponents, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and body mass. Nevertheless, there was substantial environmental influence on these risk factors. The greatest environmental influence was observed for HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B and diastolic blood pressure.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To describe the effect of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) on behavioral state (BSt) in preterm infants before feedings 24 preterm infants were randomly assigned and studied before each of their first 16 bottle feedings. Twelve received NNS by pacifier for 5 minutes; 12 did not receive a pacifier. BSt was measured with a 12-category scale for 30 seconds before the 5-minute period (BSt1) and for 30 seconds after (BSt2). Sleep states decreased for both groups. BSts considered more optimal for feeding increased more during NNS (86 vs. 46). Restless states were three times less frequent after NNS (23 vs. 68). Differences between groups were nonsignificant at BSt1, but were significant at BSt2, p < .001. In the absence of self-regulatory feeding policies based on early hunger cues, NNS for 5 minutes prefeeding is simple, brief, and suitable for implementation in busy neonatal intensive care units. Nonnutritive sucking was an effective modulator of behavioral state for this sample.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to describe types of upset experienced by mothers of infants who received apnea monitoring for 1 to 17 months. A 38-question, semistructured interview was used. Interrater reliability (90%) was established through analysis of 15 videotaped interviews and agreement on content analysis of 74 transcribed interviews. Results are discussed according to nine categories of upset identified by the mothers: (a) fear, (b) lack of credibility, (c) problems with the monitor, (d) disrupted family life, (e) emotional effects, (f) lack of support, (g) concerns for the infant, (h) unresolved problems, and (i) unhelpfulness of health professionals.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Health locus of control, self-esteem, and health status were analyzed for their impact on health-promoting lifestyle activities in 262 women between 35 and 65 years of age. Negative chance health locus of control, self-esteem, current health status, health worry/concerns, post-high-school education, and internal health locus of control explained 25% of the variance of likelihood to engage in health-promoting life-style activities. Two canonical variates explained 72.8% of the variance in the criterion set, the subscale scores of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sechrist, & Pender, 1987). Internal health locus of control, self-esteem, current health status, and future health status explained 36.3% of the variance of the self-actualization, interpersonal support, and exercise subscales; age, negative chance health locus of control, health worry/concern, and negative (poor) prior health status explained 36.5% of the variance of the health responsibility, nutrition, and stress management subscales. The canonical correlations for the two variates were .78 and .66, respectively. The study results support in part the relationships posited in the Pender health promotion model and previous research on women's health.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A model for self-regulation of diabetes was tested which proposed that individuals monitor their disease status by comparing their current state with their standard of well-being. When a discrepancy is experienced and associated with a change in blood glucose, action is taken to relieve the symptom and thereby regulate blood glucose. Two variables of the self-regulatory process (symptom-associating and action-taking) were tested through semi-structured interviews of 173 subjects who had Type II diabetes. Most (85%) subjects associated their symptoms with a change in blood glucose levels. Of subjects who associated symptoms with elevated blood glucose, 77% took action; of subjects who associated symptoms with lowered blood glucose, 89% took action. Only sex and insulin use were related to symptom associating and action taking. There was no relation between metabolic control measured by glycosylated hemoglobin and symptom association and action taking.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID