ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The primary research literature on cocaine abuse in pregnancy from 1982 to 1989 was reviewed. This article is a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the effects of maternal cocaine use during pregnancy on obstetrical, neonatal, and infant health and developmental outcomes. Consistencies and inconsistencies in the findings, a critique of key methodological issues, and suggestions for future research are provided.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sequential lung hyperinflation breaths followed by suction on mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and pulmonary airway pressure (Paw) to elucidate the mechanism for the increase in MAP seen with lung hyperinflation and suction. Thirty-four postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients were randomly exposed to three lung hyperinflation breaths at one of five volumes (tidal volume, 12cc/kg, 14cc/kg, 16cc/kg, and 18cc/kg of lean body weight) using a ventilator followed by 10 s of suctioning repeated for a total of three times. There was a mean increase in MAP (13.71 torr), CO (12.2%), PAP (4 torr), and Paw(23.5 torr) above baseline over the three sequences. The mechanism for the increase in MAP with lung hyperinflation may be attributed to transient increases in intrathoracic pressure, resulting in increased left ventricular preload, and CO.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the sensation of dyspnea in a sample of 39 school-age children with asthma and to identify strategies used to cope with the symptom. In addition, three methods to measure dyspnea intensity in children were tested and compared. Breathing on a “bad breathing day” was used as a proxy variable to represent dyspnea. The most frequent description of how breathing feels on a bad day was “it is hard to breathe.” Words chosen most frequently from a checklist of sensations were “wheezy,” “short of breath,” “tight,” and physical sensations such as “throwing up,” “hurting,” and “stuffiness.” The children's feelings on a bad breathing day were categorized as negative moods or emotions, a wish for change, or physical symptoms. Ratings of breathing on “good,” “bad,” and “usual breathing” days on word descriptor, visual analogue, and color scales provided evidence of concurrent validity for the three measures of dyspnea intensity. The mostfrequent strategies used to cope with dyspnea were medications, change in position, decreased activity, fluids, relaxation, distraction, and social support. The findings were very similar to those previously described for an adult sample.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Blood pressure values were evaluated in 30 acute adult trauma patients using two indirect methods, the bell and. diaphragm components of the stethoscope, and one direct arterial method. K1, K4, and K5 measurements were taken 4 to 72 hours (M = 30) after admission when vital signs had stabilized. Data were collected using a random-zero (RZ) sphygmomanometer for indirect blood pressure and radial intraarterial cannula for direct blood pressure. The sequence of measurement was randomized and variables shown to alter blood pressure values were controlled. There was no overall significant difference in K1, K4, and K5 blood pressures among the three methods. These results suggest that when clinicians monitor variables such as the frequency response of arterial lines and peripheral vascular resistance, indirect blood pressure methods are reliable for use with stabilized trauma patients.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare tympanic and oral temperatures at four times during the perioperative period in 60 adults having major abdominal surgery. Tympanic temperature was measured with an infrared thermometer and oral temperature with a predictive thermistor thermometer. Measurements at the two sites were similar in pattern and moderately well correlated. Tympanic temperature was somewhat more sensitive to the effects of an intervention influencing body temperature. The tympanic-oral temperature offset was relatively stable over time, with tympanic readings having a smaller range of values at each measurement. Tympanic temperature measurement variation was fairly small, with 92% of readings reproducible within 0.5°F (0.3°C); comparable oral data were not available. The findings suggest that the tympanic site offers some advantage, but that either tympanic or oral readings would, be satisfactory for routine intermittent monitoring of body temperature during the perioperative period.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare serial neurobehavioral assessments in a sample of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) to those of a group of unaffected preterm infants. Of the 30 infants included in the study, 5 infants had a grade III or IV/VI intraventricular hemorrhage. Infants with TVH demonstrated more abnormalities in mental status and a cluster of abnormal neurologic findings (persistent ankle clonus, tremulousness, and brisk deep tendon reflexes). Of the 30 infants, 20 infants were included in a brain metabolism study. Infants who had experienced an TVH had significantly different brain metabolism findings, as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). There was a significant correlation between one measure of brain metabolism (PCr/Pl) and the neurobehavioral assessment rating for infants with TVH.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The biorhythm of body temperature was studied in five hospitalized, medically stable preterm infants, gestational age 30 to 34 weeks and postnatal age 5 to 10 days. Abdominal skin temperature, as well as incubator air temperature, were measured by thermistors and recorded at one-minute intervals throughout a 24-hour day using a computerized data acquisition system. Data were analyzed using autocorrelation, a form of time series analysis. A cyclic pattern of temperature was observed in three of the five subjects. The length of time of the cycles were two, three, and six hours. Incubator air temperature did not exhibit similar cyclicity, and it is therefore assumed that incubator operation is not responsible for the observed cyclic variation in infant temperature.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A secondary analysis of Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was conducted to determine the prevalence and degree of cigarette smoking among large probability samples of Cuban-American, Mexican-American, and Puerto Rican women of childbearing age. Percentages, means, and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine age-adjusted and age-specific rates for each Hispanic group. Age-adjusted smoking prevalence rates were 23.2%, 22.6%, and 33.5% for Mexican-Americans, Cuban-Americans, and Puerto Ricans, respectively. Age-specific rates indicated that all Puerto Rican women under the age of 40, Mexican-American women in their 40's, and Cuban-American women in their 30's had smoking prevalences higher than the national average for women. Although most Hispanic women were relatively light smokers, prevention and cessation interventions need to be developed for Puerto Rican women of childbearing age who demonstrated high smoking prevalences.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID