ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) has frequently been associated with the Valsalva maneuver (VM), which is characterized by sudden intense changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of manipulating body position on the intensity of SBP and HR changes during the VM. Thirty-two men and 32 women (35–55 years) without a history or signs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were studied. Subjects produced a VM of 40 mmHg for 10 seconds in each of five randomly assigned bed (flat, sidelying, 30° elevated, 70° elevated) and chair positions. Age covaried with SBP and HR responses to the VM. When age relationships were factored out, the most intense changes in SBP during the VM occurred in the 30° and 70° elevated and chair positions. Persons with a history of atherosclerotic CVD, on bedrest, should be positioned with the head of the bed flat to reduce cardiovascular risks associated with the VM.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Delivery of oxygen to cells is critical to biochemical and metabolic processes and is particularly important during conditions of illness and recovery. However, accurate measurement of perfusion and tissue oxygen tension, determinants of cellular oxygen supply, has been problematic. Technologic advancements offer promise for the assessment of these significant variables. Instruments utilizing polarographic electrodes have been commonly used for the measurement of tissue oxygen tension. Recently, optical fluorescence has been employed to measure the partial pressure of oxygen. These predominant methods for determining tissue oxygen tension are described and applications for research are discussed.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Matthews Youth Test of Health (MYTH) and its subscales of Hostility, Competitiveness, Impatience, and Leadership when used with preschoolers. The MYTH was completed by 13 teachers on 155 preschool children in a cross-sectional study and on subsamples of this original group who were followed during a 2-year longitudinal study. These results were used to investigate internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MYTH. Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis as well as by examining the relationship of the MYTH scale and its subscales to cardiovascular reactivity, self-esteem, and locus of control. Construct validity was further assessed by testing for a predicted difference between boys and girls on the MYTH.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The evidence of construct validity that resulted from conjoint testing of two measures of social support, the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ85) and the Cost and Reciprocity Index (CRI) is presented. Both instruments were used with two samples of adults, 333 who were part of a large health project and 99 who participated in a methodological study. The PRQ85 and CRI appear to tap the construct of support yet are not highly redundant. Both tools demonstrated similar curves of relationships to external criteria. Dissimilar patterns of relationships with negative mood states indicated an area of need for future study.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Health-Related Hardiness Scale (HRHS). The HRHS was developed to measure the effects of hardiness in individuals with actual health problems. Items were generated that measured the presence, rather than absence, of the hardiness dimensions based on theoretical definitions of health-related control, commitment, and challenge. Two factors were isolated using principal components analysis (n = 389). These two factors, Challenge/Commitment and Control, accounted for 32.1 % of variance. Factor loadings were strong, ranging from .41 to .68. Parsimony of the HRHS was achieved by reducing the original 51-item scale to 34 items. Alpha reliability coefficients were .91 for the total scale and .87 for each subscale. Test-retest, reliability coefficients ranged from .74 to .78. The final scale retained only two of the originally conceptualized three dimensions of the health-related hardiness construct.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Adult survivors were asked about their perceived life experiences 3 to 9 months after the suicide death of a family member. Thirty-five subjects participated in in-depth interviews. A constant comparative method of analysis yielded a core variable of “agonizing questioning.” Subjects' questioning behavior was evident through their-descriptions of emotional turmoil, cognitive dissonance, physical disturbances, and altered socialization. Evidence of beginning to resolve the loss was apparent among subjects who had achieved some understanding of why the suicide had occurred or recognized that there were no answers to their questions.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to test a theory-based structural model describing the relationships among psychosocial resources (strength of psychosocial attributes and basic need satisfaction), perceived stress, disease severity, and symptomatic experience in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One hundred nine subjects (58 males and 51 females) participated in the cross-sectional mail survey. Psychosocial attribute strength was a significant predictor of basic need satisfaction; basic need satisfaction was a significant predictor of perceived stress; and basic need satisfaction, perceived stress, and disease severity were significant predictors of symptomatic experience. The psychosocial attributes variable was a significant predictor of basic need satisfaction for both sexes. For males, basic need satisfaction and stress were significant predictors of symptomatic experience, while psychosocial attributes were not. For females, the psychosocial attributes variable was a significant predictor of symptomatic experience, while basic need satisfaction and stress were not. The findings suggest that psychosocial resources and perceived stress may be important factors in the symptomatic experience of adults with COPD. Males and females seem to differ in the role psychosocial attributes and basic need satisfaction play in the dynamics of the proposed model.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID