ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ibis article describes the development and initial psychometric testing of the Applied Liberal Education Competences Scale, an instrument designed to measure professional nurses' self-reported use of selected applied liberal education competences in professional practice. The ALECS was created using a conceptual model proposed by Stark and Lowther (1988a) and content validity was assessed using an expert panel. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the ALECS were examined and the instrument refined. This 67-item instrument consists of six subscales: leadership, contextual practice, professional development, analytic practice, reflective practice, and aesthetic practice. Since the instrument taps dimensions other than technical skills and specific role functions, it will enable educators and service personnel to better understand how nurses think and perform.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing care requirements provide the rationale for nursing practice. Two representations of nursing care requirements are nursing intensity and nursing diagnoses. In the present study, these two indicator each significantly explained variation in nursing resource consumption in home health care. Further study is needed to refine a measure of nursing intensity that has construct validity and a base in nursing theory. In addition, techniques are needed for grouping and weighting the various nursing diagnoses to reflect their contribution in expplaning the amount of care provided to patients.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to describe selected temporal systemic responses to different enteral feeding schedules using an animal model, as one prerequisite for determining optimal delivery times for human enteral feedings. The effect of feeding schedules and time of day were examined relative to body weight and plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and corticosterone levels. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N =80) were used in a 4 x 4 randomized block design. Rats started the feeding schedules on Day 11 post-gastrostomy tube placement. The following feeding schedules, often used by humans, were tested: 24-hour enteral; 24-hour oral; 12-hour (rest time) enteral; and 12-hour (rest time) oral. Plasma was collected on Day 20. Despite very different feeding schedules, there were no statistical differences in weight gain, or plasma glucose and glucagon levels. Levels of insulin and corticosterone were significantly influenced by time of day and/or feeding group. Temporal pattern disruption was greatest in the rest -time fed enteral group. Both route and timing of enteral delivery modified metabolic hormone patterns.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Alternate explanations of loneliness proposed by Weiss (1973)—the situational theory and the characterological theory—were tested in samples of early (N =113), middle(N =106), and late(N =106) adolescents. In addition to completing the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, participants completed instruments linked to either the situational or characterological explanation of loneliness. Data were analyzed using hierarchical analysis of sets. For early adolescents, the results indicated that the characterological set of variables explained somewhat more variance in loneliness than did the situational set of variables. These findings did not replicate those of the original study (Mahon & Yarcheski, 1988). For middle and late adolescents, the results indicated that the situational set of variables explained more variance in loneliness than did the characterological set.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Inactive awake behavioral states have been associated with reduced heart rates and more successful feeding in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of three different interventions to facilitate these optimal feeding states. Twenty preterm infants (gestational ages 27–33 weeks, M = 31.6, SD = 1.7; birth weights 931–2,140 grams, M = 34, SD = 373) serving as their own controls were randomly administered nonnutritive sucking, nonnutritive sucking plus rocking, and stroking interventions; and a control condition. There were significantly more inactive awake states with the nonnutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking plus rocking interventions than with the stroking intervention and the control conditions. The results suggest that there are interventions that can help preterm infants in the transition from gavage to oral feeding and potentially shorten their hospital stays.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental perception of vulnerability, parental subjective stress concerning children's premature birth, and child temperament in families of very low birth weight (VLBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) children. The subjects were 39 VLBW children and 30 NBW 7-year-old children and their caregivers. Data on child temperament and parental perception of vulnerability was provided by the 69 families. Families of the VLBW group rated their degree of current stress concerning their children's premature birth. There were no differences between the NBW and VLBW caregivers in their perceptions of their child's vulnerability status. Caregivers of VLBW children had significantly lower scores on degree of subjective stress specific to the premature birth than the value reported on the standardization population. Child temperament made a significant contribution to parental perception of child vulnerability status in both VLBW and NBW parents.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of postpartum depression. Seven mothers who had suffered from postpartum depression were interviewed regarding their subjective experiences. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of phenomenology. Forty-five significant statements were extracted and clustered into 11 themes. These results were integrated into the essential structure of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression was a living nightmare filled with uncontrollable anxiety attacks, consuming guilt, and obsessive thinking. Mothers contemplated not only harming themselves but also their infants. The mothers were enveloped in loneliness and the quality of their lives was further compromised by a lack of emotions and all previous interests. Fear that their lives would never return to normal was all-encompassing.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Predictors of intentions to care for AIDS patients were examined among 153 sophomore and senior nursing students. Multiple regression analysis revealed that students who had relatively less AIDS knowledge and who perceived greater occupational risk of HIV infection expressed stronger intentions to avoid caring for AIDS patients. However, avoidance intentions were not simply a function of concern about personal health and inadequate knowledge. Students who held more negative attitudes toward intravenous drug users also had stronger intentions to avoid caring for AIDS patients, even when the effects of AIDS knowledge and perceived occupational risk of HIV infection were controlled. AIDS content is incorporated in the nursing curriculum for these students beginning in the junior year. Multivariate analysis of variance performed to determine the effects of this content revealed a significant effect for year in school considering all the dependent variables simultaneously. Seniors had lower avoidance intentions, lower perceived occupational risk, and greater AIDS knowledge than did sophomores.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty three lesbians ranging in age from 18–68 participated as respondents in this qualitative, theory-generating study. Data were obtained through a written demographic questionnaire and in-depth taped interviews. Findings revealed a two-phase basic social process (BSP) identified as personal risking that is used by lesbians to secure their physical and/or psychological safety within the health care system. In the anticipatory phase, the risk of self-disclosure is calculated using both imaginative and cognitive strategies to determine a disclosure stance. In the interactional phase, scanning and monitoring enable the lesbian client to reevaluate the stance assumed. The data confirm that lesbians are uncomfortable in many health care situations and suggest provider responses to improve their comfort and the level of health care they receive.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID