ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model of the effects of age, weight, type, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and coping on the stress response of southern black women. Data were collected on 280 employed black women. Audiotape analyses of the structured interview resulted in 136 Type A's and 144 Type B's. Each individual was screened for hypercholesteremia using a portable reflectance photometer. Blood pressure measurements were taken every minute before, during, and after a stress-producing Type A/B interview. Type A's had higher resting systolic blood pressures, higher cholesterol levels, higher levels of stress during the interview, and lower coping scores than Type B's. The relationships between age, weight, and resting systolic blood pressures all were in the direction reported in the literature.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A causal model was tested on a sample of 201 MS subjects for the purpose of examining the role of selected demographic factors, work impediments, and work enhancers as predictors of activities essential for performing outside employment, home making, and for personal care. The results showed a relatively good fit of the model to the data through a number of indicators. Explained variance included: 9.0% in work impediments from the direct effect of age; 32.3% in work enhancers-A (job and environmental adjustment, social support, healthful practices) through direct effects from MS duration and work impediments; 9.8% in work enhancers-B (personal attributes) through direct effects from MS duration and work impediments; 61.1% in work performance through direct effects from the antecedent variables (age, education), stress-appraisal variable (work impediments), and coping variables (work enhancers-A, work enhancers-B).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Whether a social cognitive theory AIDS prevention intervention would increase intentions to use condoms among 109 sexually active inner-city black female adolescents was tested. Analyses revealed that the women scored higher in intentions to use condoms, AIDS knowledge, outcome expectancies regarding condom use, and self-efficacy to use condoms after the intervention than before the intervention. Although increased self-efficacy and more favorable outcome expectancies regarding the effects of condoms on sexual enjoyment and sexual partner's support for condom use were significantly related to increased condom-use intentions, increases in general AIDS knowledge and specific prevention-related beliefs were not.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this exploratory study was to describe the dimensions of 17 nursing care episodes as perceived by nurses. The episodes represented recurrent nursing care situations in the postoperative period. Nineteen nurses judged the dissimilarity of all possible pairs of the episodes. An additional 14 nurses rated each episode on 10 attribute scales. Multidimensional scaling (MDS), was used to analyze nurses' dissimilarity judgments. A three-dimensional MDS configuration, which accounted for 51% of the variance of nurses' optimally scaled data, was chosen to describe the structure of the episodes. To interpret the dimensions of the MDS configuration objectively, multiple regression was used to correlate the attributes, one at a time, with the coordinates of the episodes in the configuration. The dimensions of the MDS configuration were interpreted as (a) the degree of independence patients could achieve in the episodes, (b) the nursing knowledge or skill needed in the episodes, and (c) the degree to which nurses could individualize the episodes for patients. Information obtained from the MDS analysis can be used to help nurses (a) explicitly evaluate and communicate their expectations for patients regarding activities to promote independence and (b) better articulate the specialized knowledge and skills needed to provide nursing care.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship of selected physiological and psychological variables to functional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was investigated in this study. There has been limited exploration of the relative contribution of these variables to the performance of activities of daily living in this population. A convenience sample of 104 outpatients with COPD participated in the study. The independent variables were causal attributions, depressed mood, self-esteem, pulmonary function, and exercise capacity, and the dependent variable was functional status. There was a significant difference in functional status between those who did and those who did not ask the question, “Why me?” (p = .03). In addition, the remaining psychological variables and both physiological variables were significantly correlated with functional status (p ± .01). To identify the combination of study variables most predictive of functional status a multiple regression analysis was performed. The combined variables of exercise capacity and depression best predicted functional status (p < .0001). It is concluded that both physiological and psychological factors are important in understanding functional status in this population.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare respiratory responses with moderate and slow rates of unsupported arm exercise (UAE) with a newly developed electromechanical device. Twenty-one patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied. Exercise endurance limits, metabolic, ventilatory and sensation outcomes were determined at rest prior to exercise and at end-exercise endurance limits. Increases from baseline rest for both exercise rates were observed in: oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, inspiratory flow, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, dyspnea, respiratory effort, and arm fatigue. Endurance limits were similar for both rates of UAE. These data provide standards against which UAE in COPD can be evaluated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to assess factors associated with afterdrop, the fall in core temperature following completion of cardiac surgery, and determine the validity of noninvasive measures of temperature to predict core temperature in the severely hypothermic patient. Twenty-five postcardiac surgery patients served as subjects. Core temperature was measured using the pulmonary artery, bladder, and esophageal sites. The less invasive measures included a tympanic membrane thermometer, oral and axillary electronic thermometers, and a forehead surface temperature indicator. Temperatures were recorded every 10 minutes for 2 hours. End-of-surgery temperatures ranged from 30.3–38.3° (86.5–100.9°) with a mean of 36.02 ° (96.84 °). Temperature change over the next hour ranged from a rise of 2.5 ° (4.5 °) to a fall of 4.1 ° (7.2 °). Factors associated with afterdrop included age, end-of-surgery temperature (both positively) and body mass (negatively). No noninvasive measure appeared to be a valid indicator of core temperature in these hypothermic patients.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research findings about psychiatric rehospitalization of severely mentally ill persons have provided few insights into its meaning for patients and staff. An attributional analysis of the causes schizophrenic patients and their staff gave for rehospitalization was used to test the limits of attributions theory in predicting how the event would be viewed. Results indicated that patients tended to give internal attributions for their readmission and believed that the cause was not under their control. Staff also attributed the problem to something internal to the patient, however, they were likely to see the cause as patient effort, which is under patient control.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID