ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Gartner Values in the Choice of Treatment Inventory is a set of declarative statements to which respondents can indicate agreement or disagreement in a Likert-type format. The statements are based on the moral principles of Autonomy, Beneficence/Nonmaleficence, and Justice as conceptualized by Beau- champ and Childress (1979). The first trial was reported for 15 families in 1980. The second trial was part of a larger study in June 1981 to April 1982 of 100 families, of whom 70 had a member undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, and 30 had a member under medical treatment for coronary artery disease.Spearman rank order correlations were used to evaluate responses within families and between groups at Time 1 and Time 2. Surgical family correlations for Autonomy were weak, but were moderately strong for Beneficence/Nonmaleficence. A highly significant main-effect finding, using repeated measures ANOVA, was that all patients and spouses showed mean Autonomy scores that were significantly higher than those for Beneficence/Nonmaleficence and Justice. Principal components factor analysis followed by varimax rotation supported two of the three hypothesized constructs. Surgical families emerged as the key reference group for further analysis.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this descriptive study of 30 men with chronic genitourinary cancer, subjects were found to have minimal emotional distress in response to a periodic diagnostic procedure (cystoscopy). State anxiety levels and critical thinking ability measured preprocedure were not significantly different from levels obtained six to eight weeks postprocedure in subjects with negative biopsy results. Routine hospitalization for diagnostic monitoring was found, during COPE interview (Weisman & Warden, 1976), to be less stressful than regular work or financial and family concerns. Subjects with higher concurrent life stress had higher state anxiety and achieved less resolution of problems. Although anxiety levels for the group were within normal limits, 33 % of the sample were categorized as having high anxiety on at least one testing occasion. This high-anxiety group had more severe behavioral responses, including feelings of depression, helplessness, and inability to set priorities.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cancer patients, assessed as nutritionally at risk, were randomly assigned to a control group or to one of four intervention groups receiving (a) nutritional supplementation, (b) relaxation training, (c) both nutritional supplementation and relaxation training, or (d) neither nutritional supplementation nor relaxation training. Fifty-five subjects completed a four-month intervention period during which they were visited biweekly by a nurse (except control subjects). In repeated measures analyses of variance, significant group-by-time interactions were obtained for weight and arm muscle circumference (a measure of protein stores), indicating that for these measures the groups changed differentially during the intervention period. The group-by-time interaction approached significance on the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale. For all three variables, gain was greatest for the relaxation group; the most severe loss occurred in the control group. These findings suggest that the cachexia of cancer may be slowed or reversed through noninvasive nursing interventions.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Frequently, patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) report hunger during the parenteral infusion, yet experience early satiety once PN is tapered off. Post-PN satiety can interfere with the ability to consume enough nutrients to maintain body weight and nutritional status.Factors such as caloric quantity of in fusate, gastric motility changes, and disease pathology have been related to appetite changes. To investigate the effects of PN on food intake and gastric motility without the complicated interactions associated with disease pathology, four normal, healthy rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were studied. The monkeys were administered PN in amounts ranging from 25% to 100% of their normal daily caloric intake. Food and water were continuously available. PN consistently suppressed voluntary food intake in direct relationship to the amount of nutrient infused. The frequency of large-amplitude hunger-type gastric contractions decreased from control conditions. Upon cessation of PN, appetite remained suppressed for one to two weeks, indicating a self-limiting physiological basis to post-PN satiety. Thus, reduced appetite following PN termination might occur in the clinical setting and the patients' feelings of satiety may not be completely attributed to lack of cooperation or disease pathology.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) readings, measured at two reference points, the right atrium (RA) and the catheter site (CS), and in two body positions, supine and semi-Fowler's. Four MAP readings were taken on 29 CCU patients, 17 males and 12 females, with ages ranging from 33 to 93 (X = 57.8; SD = 14.3). MAPs were obtained in the semi-Fowler's position-RA reference point (X = 82.6), semi-Fowler's-CS reference point (X = 90.3), supine-RA reference point (X = 82.2), and supine- CS reference point (X = 84.03). All r values for pairs of readings were greater than.90 (p < .001); therefore the readings are extremely comparable. However, when the comparability of readings is taken into account with MANOVA, the Hotel- ling's T2is 58.06; the associated F is 17.97 (df = 3,26) with p < .001. Therefore, in stable patients, MAP readings are comparable, but use of RA as the reference point for either position is the most preferable. A patient would not have to be lowered to the supine position for each MAP reading. However, in patients who are not stable, the significant differences among MAPs must be considered. The same position and the RA is preferable for all MAPs on these patients.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report describes an initial step in the process of determining whether color vision changes might form the basis for testing to assist in diagnosis of digoxin toxictty. The research questions concerned the types of color vision deficiencies found in people with elevated digoxin levels, the types of color vision tests that could help identify color vision changes in these people, and the relationship between serum digoxin level and subjects' responses to color vision tests. Three groups of subjects with a minimum of one week on maintenance digoxin therapy were tested. Two groups who were free of selected known causes of abnormal color vision participated in a single test session: clinic women (N=19) and hospitalized women (N=30). A third group (N=10) was initially tested at a time of elevated serum digoxin levels (≤2.5 ng/ml) and retested at therapeutic levels. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test was performed on the clinic women. All subjects were tested with the Ishihara; the Hardy, Rand, and Rittler (HRR) plates; and the Farnsworth Panel D-15. The 49 women who had a single test session demonstrated a positive relationship between digoxin level and failing the Ishihara (p < .05). On retest at therapeutic levels, the group with initial high digoxin levels had a significant reduction in the number of Ishihara (p .005) and HRR (p < .005) errors. The Panel D-15 lacked sensitivity. Most subjects with high digoxin levels would not have been able to perform a reliable 100-Hue test. Red-green deficiency was the most common defect.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Since their beginnings in the 1930s, categorical institutes funded for medical research have been controversial. Some individuals in administrative positions, such as the surgeon general, director of National Institutes of Health (NIH), and members of the Department of Health and Human Services, argue that separate institutes add administrative costs and are unnecessary because research can be done better in a less fragmented fashion. Some scientists express concern about intellectual freedom when research directions are legislatively dictated. Proponents of institutes, usually lay people, legislators, or scientists with specific research interests, contend that the problem warrants a national research effort since it is not handled within current structures. Two major foci of nursing research are on disease prevention and on improvement of the quality of care for the acutely and chronically ill, whereas the traditional priorities of NIH for basic research have been disease diagnosis and cure. Therefore, NIH support for nursing research has been negligible. To bring nursing into “the mainstream of scientific investigation,” as recommended by a 1983 study conducted by the Institute of Medicine, an Institute of Nursing or an acceptable alternative within NIH seems advisable.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID