ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A series of studies of likelihood of adopting risk-reducing or weight-reduction activities revealed that the perceived difficulty of adoption was a more powerful factor in likelihood of adoption than was perceived effectiveness of the activities. This finding is significant because most intervention programs emphasize convincing clients of the effectiveness of their methods and treat difficulty as a given or a constant. These studies showed not only that difficulty varied, but also that the relationship between likelihood of adopting an activity and the preceived effectiveness and difficulty of the activity was multiplicative and, therefore, curvilinear. At low levels of difficulty, likelihood of adoption was high, but as difficulty increased, likelihood dropped rapidly. The relationship between effectiveness and likelihood, on the other hand, showed small increases in likelihood as effectiveness increased to moderate levels, with little increase at higher levels. These relationships were more pronounced among those for whom the target risk was highly relevant. One implication for practice is that a greater payoff will be realized by reversing the conventional focus of intervention and instead helping clients reduce the difficulty of adopting necessary activities.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) was developed in 1981 to measure situational and perceived social support. This article presents the history of its development and the latest psychometric evaluation of the tool. Nurturance subscale items were rewritten to reflect a broader context of behaviors toward persons of any age. Content validity was further established by correlations between the PRQ and two mental health measures. Factor analysis indicated that a three-factor structure for the perceived social support scale may be more appropriate than the hypothesized five-subscale structure.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data from a 52-item self-administered Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Self-Care Scale designed for persons diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) were refactored for the purpose of achieving scale parsimony and clarifying interrelationships among ADL self-care behaviors. Analyses were based on 629 MS subjects. Principal component analysis and Varimax rotated factor analysis were used to achieve scale parsimony. The resultant 15-item scale was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to determine relationships among factors, observed variables, and residual variances within the factor model. Modification of the initial factor model due to a less than satisfactory goodness-of-fit index (GFI) (0.848) resulted in the inclusion of four additional relationships between observed variables and a second factor and six paired relations among the residual variances. The modified factor model had a satisfactory GFI of 0.95. These findings support the development of a 15-item self-administered ADL Self-Care Scale. The scale can be used to screen ADL functional levels in MS persons or to monitor changes in their ADL over time.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Preventive Behavior Model was tested and expanded to explore the influence of perceived barriers, benefits, health value orientations, and certain health care activities on physiological outcomes. Data from 41 subjects from a health screening program were analyzed. Four empirical models resulted, explaining 39%, 45%, 66%, and 47% of the variance in cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Significant variables in the four models provide important clues for understanding factors that influence physiological outcomes of risk factor reduction.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The advantages and limitations of meta-analysis in clinical nursing research are explained and illustrated with five studies of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) in preterm infants. This article addresses steps of locating studies, systematic comparison of studies for like variables, and qualitative decisions needed before quantitative methods are applied to cumulate findings across studies. Several approaches of calculating effect size and confidence intervals were used to interpret the power of the treatment effect of NNS. On average, across the five NNS studies, NNS intervention reduced time to first bottle feeding by 2.9 days and days of hospitalization by 6.3 days.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify certain characteristics of the patient or the helping situation that evoke in nursing students positive or negative feelings about caring for patients. Causes nursing students spontaneously gave for their feelings about caring for patients were examined. Results provided some support for the perception that nurses may not be responsive to certain patients. The nursing students liked best caring for patients who were cheerful and communicative. They also liked to care for patients who were in pain, patients they viewed as needing high levels of nursing care, and patients who responded positively to their attempts to minister.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purposes of this national study were to determine: (a) a definition of nursing administration research and (b) priority nursing administration research questions. Brainstorming was used initially with Council on Graduate Education for Administration in Nursing (CGEAN) members in 1984, to delineate concepts for definitions. Definitions and research questions were generated and rated in a three-round Delphi survey by 129 experts from nursing and health administration. According to the most widely supported definition, nursing administration research is concerned with establishing costs of nursing care, examining the relationships between nursing services and quality patient care, and viewing problems of nursing service delivery within the broader context of policy analysis and delivery of health services. The research question of most importance was: What are the cost-effective components of clinical nursing care that yield high patient satisfaction, decrease the number of complications, and shorten hospital stay for identified groups of patients? In a scenario exercise at the 1985 CGEAN meeting, additional priorities identified were vulnerable populations and equity.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID