ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 63-item questionnaire utilizing the modified Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (PFA) (Cranley, 1981), the Marital Relationship Scale (Wapner, 1976), and the Physical History Scale (Wapner, 1976) was tested on 100 expectant fathers who had wives in their third trimester of pregnancy. Scores on the PFA were positively correlated with the strength of the marital relationship as perceived by the expectant father during pregnancy. A positive but weak association was shown between paternal-fetal attachment and the incidence of physical symptoms resembling pregnancy in the expectant father. Further testing of the PFA and related variables is indicated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A longitudinal study of 105 couples, this study addresses whether there is a change in marital satisfaction throughout the perinatal period and whether any changes in the marriage or the labor and delivery might be attributable to the type of preparation for childbirth engaged in by the couple. Analysis of the demographic variables indicated that the groups were very similar. The only difference was that the Lamaze women had 16 years and the hospital-instructed women had 15 years of education (p<0.048). ANCOVA analysis indicated that there was not a significant difference in the couple or female score from the 24–28 weeks of pregnancy to 3–21 days postpartum, but there was a significant difference (p<0.04) in the male score after taking Lamaze vs. hospital-based classes. With both the husbands and wives there was an improvement in the marital satisfaction from 24–36 weeks of pregnancy to 3–21 days postpartum. When the initial level of marital satisfaction was controlled statistically, no correlation was found between the couples marriage score and the male and female years of education, age, SES, length of labor, medication in labor, and choice of rooming-in. The labor variables indicated that the Lamaze group had a slightly longer labor than the hospital group, but they used significantly less medication (p<0.05) and chose rooming-in more often (p<0.06).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify procedural components to be used in analogue studies of preparatory techniques for childbirth. The questions asked were (a) which of four laboratory pain stimuli (modified submaximum effort tourniquet technique, Forgione-Barber pain stimulator, cold water stimulus, faradic shock) is most similar to the pain associated with the transition phase of labor? and (b) what is the patterning and duration of contractions and intercontraction intervals in this phase? Forty primiparous women rated their contractions (within 48 hours following delivery) and rated the four laboratory stimuli (six to eight weeks postpartum) using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Significant correlational relationships were found between each laboratory stimulus and contraction ratings. Uterine monitor records were scored to obtain contraction and intercontraction data: &OV0398; number and duration of contractions, &OV0398; duration of intercontraction intervals. The general patterning of these variables was relatively stable. In a subsequent laboratory trial using the above parameters, the Forgione-Barber pain stimulator was found to be the stimulus of choice.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

How professionals help clients is hypothesized to depend on whether clients assume responsibility for either problems or solutions. This paper outlines four possible models of helping and coping (based on the four possible combinations of client responsibility for problems and solutions) and applies them to understanding current practices in childbirth. Each of the models is shown to govern one or more forms of help presently offered to childbearing clients. Future research is proposed to assess why different practitioners prefer different models, and whether certain models are more effective than others in maintaining parent and infant health.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This exposition examines testing of Rogers's theoretical constructs in the unitary man model, reflecting upon one published research article. It addresses two critical points of importance: (1) adequacy and appropriateness of the logic used to derive the research hypotheses; and (2) appropriateness of the research methodology used to test Rogers's model. This analysis indicates that interpretations of the principles of homeodynamics require a careful attention to the model's basic premise of evolution, noncausality, and probability. Operationalization of concepts for an empirical testing of the theory also requires an adherence to the basic premise of wholeness, that is, the unitary nature of human field. It also points out a serious shortcoming in the inferential power of research findings from animal studies for explanations of human phenomena within the context of Rogers's model.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was based upon the theoretical rationale that although we make many assumptions about the nature of health, based on research of disease, relatively little empirical evidence of the characteristics of healthy people can be found. In the literature, prevailing ideas about health had been organized into four models–clinical, role performance, adaptation, and eudaimonistic. These models are considered to proceed hierarchically in the direction of greater complexity and comprehensiveness, with each model subsuming the characteristics of the lesser models. Health in the eudaimonistic or self-actualization model measured by the Personality Orientation Inventory (POI) was the major focus of the study. It was hypothesized that moderation and balance, manifested by mid-range scores on the above characteristics, would be correlates of eudaimonistic health. Cognitive style was measured with the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) and interpersonal need was measured with the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B). A heterogeneous population of nonclinical adults was sought and volunteers were recruited.The sample consisted of 163 upper-middle-class suburban subjects. The POI chosen to measure health, the GEFT, and the FIRO-B, plus a Personal Information Sheet, were administered to groups of approximately 20. This study did not yield support for the hypotheses. Although not statistically significant, moderation in both cognitive style and interpersonal needs were related to eudaimonistic health in the predicted direction. There is a continuing need to investigate the characteristics of healthy people. Future studies might attempt to control for sex since the patterns were distinctly different when analyzed by sex. Healthy adults in the eudaimonistic, self-actualizing model are described by the findings as busy, effective, loved, loving, and respected, among other traits too numerous to mention. With the development of multivariate, process-oriented instruments, empirical investigation of moderation and balance might be more fruitful.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reports a field investigation (N = 328) of a folk-healing practice (matiasma) among a population of urban Greek immigrants in Ohio. While orthodox Western health care is used by this community, the Greek population has also retained ethnomedical beliefs and practices that differ dramatically from those of scientific health care. This study delineates specific facets of matiasma, the configuration surrounding the evil eye. By tracing the retention of knowledge and use of this configuration over a four-generation period, this paper demonstrates the importance of generation depth as a variable in transcultural nursing research.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing employees at four nursing homes participated in the development of Behavioral Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) to measure the job performance of individual nurses and aides. The reliability of the BARS performance measures was examined by having the immediate supervisors evaluate the job performance of nurses and aides in ten nursing homes.The BARS evaluations had significant convergent reliability between two independent evaluations of the same employees. There were no significant differences in the employees' performance ratings provided by two independent raters. Moreover, both raters tended to agree on the direction and magnitude of the changes in job performance ratings that were recorded over a six-month interval. The BARS evaluations, however, indicated a leniency bias because the performance ratings tended to cluster in the upper half of the scale ranges. There was also a “halo” effect in the evaluations, resulting in little discriminant reliability between the employees' performance ratings on different job dimensions.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID