ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two formats to enable children and adolescents to report the changing intensity, duration, and pattern of their pain were developed and tested: (a) a dot matrix with intensity markers on the y-axis and time markers on the x-axis and (b) a list of words or word phrases describing the temporal dimension of pain. Analyses of the dot matrix markings revealed six patterns of pain: steady decrease, steady increase, ongoing sharp increases and decreases, stair-step increase and decrease, steady increase and decrease, and constant. The 12 words and phrases described how pain began as well as how the pattern of pain changed over time.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Matched-pair analyses of twins were used to examine nongenetic influences of obesity on the lipid profile and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (cross-sectionally) during two phases of development — the school-age years(n = 73 twin pairs) and adolescence (n = 56 twin pairs) — and (longitudinally) in the transition between these two developmental phases. Data were collected during an early morning home visit. Results of the matched-pair t tests indicated significant environmental influences on obesity in both phases and in the transition (change in obesity) between these two phases. Intraindividual associations of obesity (kg/m3) and atherogenic lipids (total and LDL cholesterol) emerged during the school-age years. In adolescence, obesity was associated with HDL cholesterol and total triglyceride. Change in obesity (kg/m3) from the school-age years to adolescence was associated with total triglyceride. Results suggest an emphasis on obesity as part of CVD risk factor management in children and point to the importance of primary prevention early in life.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The development of attachment behaviors over time in a group of pregnant adolescents, ages 12 to 19, was investigated with Rubin's theoretical framework. Seventy-nine low-income pregnant adolescents enrolled in the study in their first trimester. Follow-up data were collected in the second and third trimesters (n = 64 and 54, respectively) and after delivery (n = 47). Multivariate analysis, using profile analysis, indicated that maternal attachment in adolescents begins in pregnancy and increases over time, especially after quickening. Age-related differences were noted in the development of maternal-fetal attachment behaviors related to giving of self. Results showed a positive relationship between attachment in the third trimester and demonstration of affectionate behaviors toward the infant after birth. These findings are consistent with the theoretical framework.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the range of career development relationships (CDRs) experienced by staff nurses in relation to the outcomes of professionalism, job satisfaction, and intent to stay. A sample of 390 Army staff nurses completed questionnaires measuring five CDRs — precepting, peer-strategizing, coaching, sponsoring, and mentoring—and the outcome variables. Findings indicated that 61% of the sample experienced a CDR, with the predominant CDR being coaching. No CDR affected professionalism; however, job satisfaction and intent to stay may warrant further investigation in relation to CDRs. The findings suggest that if nurses perceived that an interest was taken in their career development, and felt valued by the developer, then usually staff nurses viewed the relationship as professionally important. This perception of importance often influenced intent to stay in a positive direction.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A meta-analysis of 19 studies was conducted to determine the magnitude of the effect ofpostpartum depression on maternal-infant interaction during the first year after delivery. Maternal-infant interaction was divided into three subcategories: maternal interactive behavior, infant interactive behavior, and dyadic interactive behavior. Substantive, methodological, and miscellaneous variables were extracted and coded by both the researcher and two research assistants. Combinations were calculated as unweighted, weighted by sample size, and weighted by the quality index score. Effects for maternal interactive behavior ranged from .32 to .36 for the r index, .68 to .78 for the d index, and .33 to .38 for the Fisher's Z. For infant interactive behavior, effects ranged from .35 to .38, .75 to .83, and .37 to .41 for the r, d, and Fisher's Z indexes, respectively. Effects for dyadic interactive behavior ranged from .47 to .50 for the r index, 1.07 to 1.15 for the d index, and .51 to .55 for Fisher's Z. Results of the meta-analysis indicate that postpartum depression has a moderate to large effect on maternal-infant interaction. Nursing interventions for depressed mother-infant dyads during the first year after delivery are addressed.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of depression and health to the perceptions of memory capacity, change, locus, and strategy in cognitively impaired residents (N = 55) of nursing homes. All subjects had Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores between 15 and 23. Subjects generally bad low perceived health and mild depression. Pearson correlations between age and strategy (-31), depression and capacity (-.44), and depression and change (-.41) aspects of metamemory were statistically significant. Division of impaired residents of nursing homes into cognitive level groups (mild and severe impairment) indicated significant group differences in use of over-the-counter medications, total memory strategies, and internal strategies. Overall, the set of variables accountedfor 8% to 18% of the total variance in metamemory subscales.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two hundred fifty patients undergoing heart surgery were randomized in a prospective comparative study of a semiocclusive hydroactive wound dressing, an occlusive hydrocolloid dressing, and a conventional absorbent dressing. The wounds were evaluated during the 4 weeks after surgery. Color photographs were used for a blind evaluation of wound healing. The conventional absorbent dressing was more effective in wound heating, compared with the hydroactive dressing. Further, there were fewer skin changes and less redness in the wounds with the conventional dressing than with the hydroactive dressing; the differences were not significant with the hydrocolloid dressing. The conventional dressing was less painful to remove than the hydroactive and hydrocolloid dressings. More frequent dressing changes, however, were needed when using the conventional dressing. Despite this, it was the least expensive alternative.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID