ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A digital of pelvic muscle strength for evaluation of a pelvic muscle exercise (PME) program was developed with a sample of 338 incontinent women living at home. Facotors of perceived pressure, alteration of the vertical plane, and time were combined to form a 7-point scale ranging from 0 to 4. Test-restest for the anteroposterior score was r = .65, p < .01 with interrater reliability, r = .91, p < .01. Relationship to other variables and further development of th measure are discussed.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Dicovery of the endogenous opiate system of the brain has revolutionized the study of pain and pain management. In this study a convenience sample of 10 pregnant women, 16 nonpregnant women, and 18 men were studied to determine if changes in plasma beta-endorphin significantly higher than nonpregnant women at the midpoint of their menstrual cycle, t + 3.74, df = 31, p = .007. Self-reported pain perception scores were not correlated with plasma beta-endorphin levels. However, as labor progressed, the women reported increased discomfort between contractions and during contractions while beta-endorphin levels increased only slightly. Close examination of the pain pattern indicates that pain perceived by the women between contractions increased at a greater rate than during contractions. This pattern suggests that opiate-active beta-endorphin may increase the ability of women to tolerate acute pain.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study focused on psychosocial risk factors in a population of 208 low-income medically normal women. The total sample had nearly equal numbers of black, Hispanic, and white women. Life stress, social support, anxiety state, and substance use were measured at mid- and late pregnacy. Outcome variables included various pregnacny complications, birth weights, and qestational ages. The predictor variables were usally not significant for the full sample. For black women, social support from the woman's partner or mother accounted for 33% of the variance in gestation complications and 14% of the variance in prologed labor or cesarean section complications. For white women, high rather than low social support was significant in accounting for pregnancy outcomes and substance use, indicating that the social network might reinforce negative health practices for this group. None of the predictor variables were found to be statistically significant for the group of Hispanic women, who had very low complication rates.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examines whether traditional health beliefs and practices of black Americans reported in the literature were consistent with those of a target population of low-income black women in Low Angeles Country and describes how these traditional classifications of illness and healing practices were related to their understanding of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A qualitative approach was used to gathwer the data in unstructured interviews. Content analysis was used to classify data. Sources of illness and remedies identified by the women were divided into two categories: natural and supernatural. Natural sources included cold, impurities, diet, weakness, lack of moderation, and stress. Supernatural sources included illnesses allowed by God, witchcraft, and evil influences. Remedies included antidotes, food, medicines, prayer, and healing. Analysis of the relationship of AIDS to traditional beliefs revealed that AIDS had been integrated into the traditional conceptualization of illness, health practies, and healing, and was attributed to both natural and supernatural causes. Prevention, prayer, and spiritual healing were recommended as remedies. Implications were that AIDS education, prevention, and treatment programs be within the context of the traditonal belief system.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-eight experimental studies of nonmechanically assisted relaxation techniques used to control a variety of clinical symptoms were synthesized using meta-analysis. Effect sizes for three types of comparison, experimental-control, experimental-placebo, and pre-post, ranged from .43 to .66, demonstrating that treatment of any type included in the analysis moved the client form the 50th to the 67th percentile of an untreated group at minimum and from the 50th to the 75th percentile at maximum. All treatments included in the analysis except Benson's relaxation technique demonstrated evidence of effectiveness, particularly for nonsurgical samples with chronic problems such as hypertension, headache, and insomnia.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The jalowiec Coping Scale was factor analyzed usign scores of spouses of 210 cardiac surgery patients. Three factors were found which agreed with the factors reported by Jalowiec. Factor I was related to Confrontive coping strategies, Factor II to Palliative strategies, and Factor III to Emotive strategies. A little over 31% of the variance was accounted for by the three factors. Alpha reliabilities were .84, .70, and .74, respectively, for the

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Balanced nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy, and the relationship between these variables and pregnancy outcomes were examined. Data swere collected from 510 pregnant women and from their prental, hospital, and infants' health records. Despite a common assumption in the prenaial literature that weight gain during pregnancy reflects nurtiitional adequacy, nutrition and weight gain were only weakly related in this sample. Further, nutritional balance did not significantly contribute to additional explained variance in mother's weight gain when gestation, body mass index, and edema were controlled. Moreover, it was weight gain, not nutrition, that contributed to variance in baby's birth weight. These results suggest that while weight gain during pregnancy influences fetal outcomes, weight gain may not be a valid measure of nutrition.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) was administered monthly to gravidas (N + 69) from the onset of prenatal care until delivery. Individual total and subscale scores across gestation were relatively stable, with the weakest correlations occuring between 16-week gestation scores and subsequent measures. Total MFAS and subscales scores, except Giving of Self, increased significantly as gestation progressed. There were also significant time x subject interaction effects for total MFAS and all subscale scores. MFAS scores were unrelated to most maternal demographic variables, but parity was negatively related to the MFAS score increase across gestation. MFAS subscale scores were related to differences in mothers' postpartum reports of their infants' centrality in their lives and to differneces in maternal self-evaluated role attainment.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID