ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Changes in functional status after childbirth were examined over a 6-month postdelivery period in 97 women who had delivered healthy full-term infants. Functional status was defined as the woman's readiness to assume infant care responsibilities and resume her usual activities. Functional status was found to improve steadily from 3 weeks to 3 months postpartum, but no statistically significant changes were found between 3 and 6 months. However, by 6 months postpartum 6% of the women had not yet fully assumed the desired or required level of infant care responsibilities, nearly 20% had not yet fully resumed usual levels of household activities, 30% had not fully resumed usual levels of social and community activities, and more than 80% had not yet fully resumed usual self-care activities. Of the 57 women who had returned to work or school by 6 months postpartum, over 60% had not fully resumed their usual level of occupational activities. Canonical analysis revealed that different sets of health, psychosocial, family, and demographic variables were associated with functional status at each data collection point.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A theoretical causal model was tested to determine the effects of stress on family functioning for four groups of parents at 8 months postpartum. High-risk women who had been hospitalized during pregnancy, their partners, low-risk women, and their partners were tested to find how predictors might differ by gender and risk-status. The proposed theoretical model had low predictive power among the four groups (20% to 24%); however, the exploratory, empirical models had moderate to strong explanatory power (33% to 58%). Depression had direct effects on family functioning among all four groups in the theoretical model, but the respecified models had direct effects only among the two groups of women. Antepartal stress in the form of negative life events stress had indirect effects on women's family functioning, as was hypothesized, but not for men. High-risk men's partners' pregnancy risk had direct effects on family functioning at 8 months, indicating long-term effects on the family of a high-risk pregnancy.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The impact of caretaker daily stress and life strain on the behavioral adjustment of very low birth weight (VLBW ≤ 1,500 grams) preschool children was investigated; the degree to which the caregiving environment contributes to the effects of caretaker stress on child outcome was also explored. Subjects were 39 VLBW children (mean birth weight = 1,208 grams) and their primary caretakers, the majority of whom were their biological mothers. Data on caretaker stress and life strain, the caregiving environment, and child behavior were gathered when the children were 60 months of age. The impact of caretaker daily stress and life strain on VLBW child adjustment was moderate and similar to that of normal birth weight (NBW) children. The impact of caretaker stress appeared to be affected by the quality of the caregiving environment. Analysis showed that more behavior problems were found in VLBW 5-year-olds than expected in the general preschool population. Caretakers of VLBW 5-year-olds experienced more intense daily stress than those of NBW children.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pre- and perinatal variables commonly found to predict breast-feeding duration were examined to see whether they also predicted breast-feeding problems in the first week postpartum. One hundred and twenty-eight families who prenatally committed to breast-feeding for at least 6 weeks comprised the sample. The families were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a group in which bottle feedings would be avoided in Weeks 2–6 postpartum and a group in which approximately one bottle per day would be given during the same period. Breastfeeding events most commonly experienced as problems in previous studies were also reported by mothers in this sample. Multiple regression analyses revealed that bottle use in the hospital, lower satisfaction with first breastfeeding, and group assignment were weakly predictive of the Breast-feeding Problem Score at 1 week, R2= .154, p = .0004. The negative effect of hospital bottle use was greater for women in the bottle-restricted group than for women in the planned-bottle group.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The personal and normative influences on breast self-examination (BSE) behavior in older women were examined using the Theory of Reasoned Action. The sample consists of 93 volunteers ranging in age from 52 to 90 years. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Direct and indirect measures of attitude and social norm were used to predict intention to perform BSE and BSE frequency. Contrary to the model assumptions, indirect measures accounted for more variance in both intention and behavior, and explained actual behavior better than intention to perform. Both the indirect and direct measures of attitude and social norm explained a significant amount of the variance in intention and BSE frequency. There were significant differences on all the model components (direct and indirect measures of attitude, social norm, and intention) between frequent and infrequent BSE performance groups. Discriminant analysis using the indirect measures of attitude and social norm correctly classified 76% of the women into frequent and infrequent performance groups.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fourteen families in which a child had died participated in this study; the mother, father, and one teenager from each family were interviewed. All participants completed a sibling bereavement inventory consisting of 109 scaled items that measured self-concept perceptions and grief reactions. The teenagers completed the inventory in terms of their own reactions; the mothers and fathers were instructed to complete the inventory as they anticipated their teenager would answer it. Mothers held significantly different views of their teenagers' self-concept and grief than did the fathers or the teenagers. Fathers' responses resembled those of their teenagers. In addition to accenting the need to study more fully the family dynamics involved when a child dies, the results call into serious question commonly held views regarding the accuracy and reliability of mothers' perceptions of bereaved children. The results suggest that more credence be given to fathers' observations about the phenomena of bereavement engaging their teenage children.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A measure was developed to operationalize the concept of barriers as the consumer's perceptions of costs or obstacles to care. First, a 12-member panel participated in a three-stage Delphi process to identify indicators of the concept. Of the 81 items generated, 54 were selected as appropriate to a well population seeking preventive care. In a survey of 800 employees of a not-for-profit organization, respondents were asked to rate each barrier indicator on a 5-point Likert scale; the response rate was 70%. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the construct validity of the measure. Five factors were found: Provider-Consumer Relationship, Cost, Site-Related, Inconvenience, and Fear. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to refine the indicators for each factor category, producing a scale to measure perceived barriers to secondary preventive care. Based on the factor correlations, a model of the structure of barriers is proposed, showing the relationship factor as central.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID